鲁迅《故事新编》的人物对话研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 10:49

【摘要】：对语言的挑战,是鲁迅对中国新文学的重要贡献之一。《故事新编》收录的八篇小说正是鲁迅解剖语言的集中体现。在《故事新编》中,人物的言语可分为三类:直白言语、虚饰言语、嘈杂言语。直白言语是行动者的言语活动,源于行动者内心的真正呐喊。直白言语简洁通俗、言行一致,言语中饱含着跳动的生命力。虚饰言语是权势者及其帮忙帮闲的言语活动,言语中掺杂了权力、知识、道德、礼教等大量的附加物,言语的句式复杂、逻辑含混,言行不一致,往往言多行少。嘈杂言语出自庸众之口,言语活动多而杂,并且追随着虚饰言语,人云亦云,说话者善于随意变更自己的说法和态度。虚饰言语以及嘈杂言语在人物对话中的功能为:权势者及其帮忙帮闲们使用虚饰言语粉饰并隐藏了事情的真相、自身真实的野心与意图以及手段,以便谋权夺利。同时,他们又利用言语中的附加物以及含混的逻辑,对大众的思想与行为进行规训、教化,蒙蔽大众的思想,企图让大众逐渐丧失自我思考及表达的能力,成为为他们所利用的工具。嘈杂言语则附庸着虚饰言语,为虚饰言语提供了传播的途径和渠道,对事实与真相变本加厉地进行扭曲与异化,对大众的言语和行动进行了干扰和阻碍,为虚饰言语在整个表达体系中的滋长创造了生存的环境,形成保护。本文进一步勾勒出《故事新编》中虚饰言语以及嘈杂言语所共享的语言结构,并且深入剖析这个语言结构的历史形成及运作模式。行动者的直白言语为他们的行动提供了强大的力量。言语对于他们来说,是一把撕开伪装者的锋利的武器,能够刺穿所有语言的包裹,让人看到权势者及其帮忙帮闲真正的面目与内心。因此,行动者们用直白言语不断地拆解着虚饰言语的谎言,并勇敢地发出真正的呐喊,突破这个根深蒂固的语言结构的围困。同时,在鲁迅的杂文中,有不少鲁迅对于大众语言的思考。本文结合鲁迅的杂文,探讨如何让语言恢复其内在的生命力,让大众突破“说”的困境,表达出真实的自我。
[Abstract]:The challenge to language is one of Lu Xun's important contributions to Chinese new literature. In the New Story, the characters' speech can be divided into three categories: direct speech, false speech, noisy speech. Direct speech is the speech activity of the actors, which originates from the real cry of the actors. Plain speech simple and popular, consistent with words, words full of beating vitality. Pretentious speech is a kind of speech activity of the powerful and its help. It is mixed with power, knowledge, morality, etiquette and so on. The sentence structure of the speech is complicated, the logic is ambiguous, the words and deeds are inconsistent, and often the words are more than the deeds and the deeds are few. The noisy speech comes from the mediocrity, the speech activity is many, and follows the false speech, the speaker is good at changing their own statement and attitude at will. The functions of pretentious speech and noisy speech in character dialogue are as follows: the powerful and their help to help the idle people use false words to whitewash and hide the truth of things, their own true ambition, intentions and means in order to seek power and profit. At the same time, they use the adjunct of words and vague logic to discipline, educate, and blind the mind of the masses, in an attempt to deprive the masses of their ability to think and express themselves. Become a tool for them to use. The noisy speech is attached to the false speech, which provides a way and channel for the false speech to spread, distorts and dissimilates the fact and truth, interferes and obstructs the speech and action of the masses. It creates a living environment for the growth of rhetoric in the whole expression system and forms protection. This paper further outlines the language structure shared by the rhetorical speech and noisy speech in the New Story, and further analyzes the historical formation and operation mode of the language structure. The direct words of the actors provide a powerful force for their actions. For them, words are a sharp weapon that rips the camouflage through the parcels of all languages and shows the true face and heart of the powerful and their help. Therefore, the actors use direct speech to unravel the lies of the false speech and bravely utter the real cry to break through the siege of the deep-rooted language structure. At the same time, in Lu Xun's essays, there are a lot of Lu Xun for the public language thinking. Based on Lu Xun's essays, this paper discusses how to restore the inner vitality of language and let the masses break through the dilemma of "saying" and express their true self.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I210.6

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