刘熙载与王国维词论比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 16:28

【摘要】：刘熙载与王国维皆是中国文学史上著名的文学理论家。近年来,关于刘熙载与王国维文学理论思想的比较研究,已成为学界关注的焦点,但却尚未形成公论。本文以刘熙载《艺概·词概》与王国维《人间词话》为研究文本,试图对刘熙载与王国维的词学理论进行比较研究,以说明:王国维对刘熙载的词学理论既有继承,亦存在突破与创新。本文由绪论、正文、结语三部分组成。绪论部分主要简析近三十年国内关于刘熙载与王国维词论思想研究的现状,并阐述了本课题的选题背景及研究意义。正文共分为四章,主要比较研究刘熙载与王国维的词论。一、本体论研究。关于词之本体,刘熙载与王国维的词论思想,异同相间,主要体现在词体论与词史观两方面。其一,在词体论上,首先,刘熙载与王国维皆“推尊词体”,但论述方式迥异;其次,刘熙载与王国维皆认为词有“雅郑”之别,但前者侧重形式,后者注重内容;其二,关于词史,刘熙载以“正变”而论,客观评论词人、词作,并认为元好问为“集两宋之大成者”;王国维则以“始盛终衰”论之,尊北宋、五代,抑南宋。不过,值得注意的是,关于某些重要词人及词作的评论,两人的观点又具有一致性。二、创作论研究。关于词之创作,刘熙载与王国维的观点小同大异,主要体现在创作主体与创作方法两方面。其一,关于创作主体,首先,刘熙载与王国维认为作品与作者密切相关,刘熙载提出“有我在也”,王国维则分“有我”与“无我”;其次,刘熙载与王国维认为“词客”当具“雅情”,但刘熙载从儒家道德观出发,偏重“正情”,王国维则坚持“赤子之心”说,尤重“真情”;再次,刘熙载与王国维皆极为重视“词客”的才能,但前者坚持才气与学识并重,而后者则偏重素养,主张“天才”说。其二,关于创作方法,首先,刘熙载与王国维认为“词眼”极其重要,但前者坚持“神光所聚”,而后者主张“境界全出”;其次,刘熙载详细论述了词之章法、句法、字法、声韵等,构成一个严密的体系,但王国维则主要论述了“隔”和“不隔”以及“造境”与“写境”。不过,值得注意的是,关于词之用事,二人的主张却相同。三、风格论研究。关于词之风格,刘熙载与王国维的观点,同中有异,异中有同,主要体现在风格分类与风格审美价值两方面。其一,关于风格类型分类,刘熙载与王国维虽然主张两分法,但前者划分为“阳刚”与“阴柔”,后者则分为“壮美”与“优美”;其二,关于风格审美价值,刘熙载与王国维虽都崇尚自然本色之作,但刘熙载标举的是“奇创”与“沉厚”,王国维则赞赏的是“洒落”与“悲壮”。四、批评论研究。关于词之批评,刘熙载与王国维的理论,大同小异,主要体现在批评标准与批评方法两方面。其一,关于批评标准,首先在思想标准上,刘熙载与王国维坚持“文如其人”观,认为“词品”与“人品”具有一致性;其次在艺术标准上,刘熙载倾向以“意趣”论词,王国维则主张以“气象”论之。其二,关于批评方法,刘熙载与王国维皆采用“摘句批评”、“诗词互释”,但刘熙载最具特色的批评方法是“辩证法”,王国维则具有“学兼中西”的特色。结语部分总结分析王国维词学理论对刘熙载的继承、突破与创新。
[Abstract]:Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei are both famous literary theorists in the history of Chinese literature. In recent years, the comparative study of Liu Xizai's and Wang Guowei's literary theories has become the focus of academic attention, but has not yet formed a consensus. Guowei's Ci theory is comparatively studied to illustrate that Wang Guowei inherited and innovated Liu Xizai's Ci theory. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly analyzes the current situation of the study on Liu Xizai's and Wang Guowei's Ci theory in China in the past 30 years, and expounds the topic of this topic. The main body is divided into four chapters, mainly comparative study of Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei's Ci theory. First, ontological study. On the ontology of Ci, the similarities and differences between Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei's Ci theory are mainly reflected in the two aspects of the theory of Ci style and the view of Ci history. Secondly, Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei both think that Ci is different from "Yazheng", but the former emphasizes form and the latter emphasizes content; secondly, regarding the history of Ci, Liu Xizai talks about "positive change", objectively comments on Ci poets and works, and thinks that Yuan Haowen is "the greatest success of the two Songs"; Wang Guowei talks about "the beginning of prosperity and the end of decline", respecting the north. The Song Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the Southern Song Dynasty. However, it is noteworthy that the opinions of some important poets and their works are consistent. Second, the study of the theory of creation. Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei believed that the work was closely related to the author. Liu Xizai put forward that "I am also there" and Wang Guowei divided "I" and "non-self"; secondly, Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei believed that "Ci Gu" should have "elegant feelings", but Liu Xizai started from the Confucian ethics, laying particular stress on "true feelings", and Wang Guowei insisted on "the heart of the naked son". Thirdly, Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei both attach great importance to the ability of "Ci-poets", but the former emphasizes both talent and knowledge, while the latter emphasizes accomplishment and advocates the theory of "genius". Secondly, Liu Xizai elaborated on the composition, syntax, character, phonology and so on of Ci, which constituted a strict system, but Wang Guowei mainly discussed the "separation" and "non-separation" as well as the "creation" and the "writing" of Ci. Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei's viewpoints are different from each other in style classification and aesthetic value of style. Although both Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei advocate the works of nature, Liu Xizai praises "extraordinary creation" and "sincerity", while Wang Guowei appreciates "sprinkling" and "tragic and stirring". Fourthly, the study of critical theory. On the criticism of Ci, the theories of Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei are much the same, mainly reflected in the criteria and methods of criticism. Firstly, on the criteria of criticism, Liu Xizai and Wang Guowei adhere to the concept of "literature as its human being" and hold that "Ci" and "human character" are consistent; secondly, on the artistic standards, Liu Xizai tends to use "interesting" and Wang Guowei advocates "meteorology". Wang Guowei adopts "excerpt criticism" and "mutual interpretation of poems and lyrics", but Liu Xizai's most distinctive criticism method is "dialectics", while Wang Guowei has the characteristics of "learning both Chinese and Western".
【学位授予单位】：湖北民族学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.23

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