唐代除夕节俗与诗歌研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 10:28

【摘要】：“除夕”作为节日发展至唐代,已成为年终大节,深受人们重视。唐人有关除夕题材的诗歌,《全唐诗》录有120首。本文试将唐代活跃而丰富的除夕节日民俗与诗歌创作相结合,对除夕诗中所反映的节日习俗的文化内涵、时代精神、深层民族心理进行了较为细致地研究探讨。同时,对“除夕”特殊的时空特点和情境氛围给文人心灵带来的触动和冲击进行了格外关注,展现出文人的自我定位和对生命价值的关注。全文共分为四章:第一章以除夕诗为主要文献依据,结合唐代节俗史料和其他有关除夕题材的文学创作,展现了唐代除夕丰富多彩的节日习俗,从一个侧面反映出唐代民情风俗复杂多变的新气象。同时,揭示出蕴含于其中的文化功能和民众的生存智慧:鲜明的迎新、更新意识,对伦理亲情的强化以及对民众身心的调适。第二章,论述了唐代除夕诗中的生命意识。“除夕”特殊的时空特点和节日氛围,极易唤起诗人的时间之思和生命之辨,也更易激发壮志未酬、功业不就的人生憾恨。唐代除夕诗中强烈的生命意识主要表现为:摄人心魄的时光之感,迫促焦虑的生死之思,不甘衰竭的事功追求。值得注意的是,唐代诗人们总是试图通过对功名的执着追求来实现生命的超越与不朽,体现了积极进取的时代精神。第三章,重点分析了唐代除夕诗中的情感蕴涵。客居他乡的孤独、凄楚最易触发游子对家乡、至亲的深切思念,这样一种情怀逢除夕佳节时,便被放大、凸显出来。其中,羁旅漂泊的孤凄和对血缘亲情的渴望是蕴含于其中的普遍性情感,而归家不得的悲慨则是最具时代性的个性情感。亲情之外,朋友之间真挚感人的知音之谊也是唐代除夕诗中所蕴含的主要情感,主要表现为:天各一方的思怀之情、共度佳节的相聚之兴以及昂扬、明朗的送别之情。最后一章,将除夕诗的创作与时代变迁相结合,立足作品,探究了初盛中晚四个时期除夕诗的特征。同时,对诗人在时代大背景下独特的心理感受、精神风貌以及诗歌对于时代的折射作以分析和梳理。初唐时期,除夕诗有更多唱和、应制之作,其内容也多是祝颂、吉祥之语或直接表现节日风光之作。盛唐时期的除夕诗作具有多样化的主题和昂扬、明朗的情感基调,体现了盛唐诗人乐观豪迈的胸襟气度。中唐时期的除夕诗充斥着时代的愁苦之音,在关注视角方面,表现出更多对自身生命的关注和世俗人伦情感的表达。晚唐藩镇割据、战乱频繁的政治局势使得士人普遍有一种朝不保夕的悲观心理。而创作于这一时期的除夕诗作,则充斥着一种深沉的忧患意识和浓重的家园回归情怀。
[Abstract]:New Year's Eve as a festival developed into the Tang Dynasty, has become a year-end festival, deeply valued by people. There are 120 poems about New Year's Eve in Tang Dynasty. This paper tries to combine the active and rich festival folklore of Tang Dynasty with the poetry creation, and makes a detailed study on the cultural connotation, the spirit of the times and the deep national psychology of the festival custom reflected in New Year's Eve's poems. At the same time, it pays special attention to the touch and impact of New Year's Eve's special space-time characteristic and situational atmosphere to the literati's soul, which shows the literati's self-orientation and the attention to the value of life. The full text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter takes New Year's Eve's poems as the main literature basis, combining with the historical materials of Tang Dynasty festival and other literature works about the theme of New Year's Eve, it shows the colorful festival customs of the Tang Dynasty. From a side reflects the Tang Dynasty folk customs complex and changeable new weather. At the same time, it reveals the cultural function contained in it and the survival wisdom of the people, such as the bright welcome to the new, the renewal of consciousness, the strengthening of the ethical kinship, and the adjustment of the people's body and mind. The second chapter discusses the life consciousness in New Year's Eve's poems in Tang Dynasty. New Year's Eve's special space-time characteristics and festive atmosphere can easily arouse the poet's thoughts of time and life, and it is also easy to arouse unearned ambition and regret of life. The strong consciousness of life in New Year's Eve's poems in Tang Dynasty is mainly manifested as: the feeling of time which is breathtaking, the thought of life and death forced to promote anxiety, and the pursuit of feat that is unwilling to be exhausted. It is worth noting that the poets of the Tang Dynasty always try to achieve the transcendence and immortality of life through the persistent pursuit of merit and fame, which embodies the spirit of the times that is positive and enterprising. Chapter three focuses on the emotional implication of New Year's Eve's poems in Tang Dynasty. The loneliness of living in another country is the easiest to trigger the deep yearning of the traveller to his hometown and his closest relatives. This kind of feeling is magnified and highlighted during New Year's Eve's holiday season. Among them, the desolation of wandering and the longing for blood and kinship are the universal emotions contained in it, and the sadness of not returning home is the most contemporary personality emotion. Besides family affection, the sincere and moving friendship between friends and friends is also the main emotion in New Year's Eve's poems in Tang Dynasty. In the last chapter, the author combines the creation of New Year's Eve's poems with the changes of the times, and probes into the characteristics of New Year's Eve's poems in the early, middle and late periods. At the same time, the writer analyzes and combs the poet's unique psychological feelings, spiritual features and poems' refraction to the times under the background of the times. In the early Tang Dynasty, New Year's Eve's poems had more songs and should be written, and their contents were mostly tributes, auspicious words or works that directly reflected the scenery of the festival. New Year's Eve's poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty have various themes, lofty themes and clear emotional tone, which reflect the optimistic and bold mind of the poets of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. New Year's Eve's poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty is full of the sad voice of the times, and shows more concern for his own life and the expression of secular human feelings in the perspective of attention. In the late Tang Dynasty, the political situation caused by frequent war made the scholars have a pessimistic mentality. New Year's Eve's poems, which were written in this period, were filled with a deep sense of distress and a heavy return to home.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.22

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