中国古代餐花行为及其文学书写研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 17:20

【摘要】：以花为食是中国古代一种特殊的饮食行为。花朵最初是作为菜蔬被人们认识和接受的。随着食物来源的丰富,花朵作为食材地位日衰,逐渐成为餐桌上的点缀。但由于花朵药用、审美价值的发现和花朵食品时限性、多功能性、超阶级性等特点,餐花行为得以延续,有些特殊的餐花行为甚至成为节俗被普遍接受并保存至今。在花朵饮食的这一演变过程中,古代文人将自身采集、制作、食用花朵的经历以文学的形式记录下来,形成了餐花文学题材。最初的餐花书写笼罩在巫术的神秘晦涩之下,与沟通神灵、辟邪延寿挂钩。唐以后,文人在丰富餐花意象,细化饮食描写的同时更多的将个人情趣、文化品位注入餐花书写。元明清时期,散曲、戏剧、小说等体裁中的餐花书写逐渐丰富起来,使得餐花书写呈现出雅俗共赏的面貌。在餐花书写的发展过程中,屈原作为餐花第一人,首次以食用花朵象征修养德行,为后世以食花明志、比德奠定基础。陶渊明从千花百卉中独拈出一枝菊来,以自身的隐逸标格,赋予了食用菊花淡薄悠远、复归自然的新意趣。苏轼和杨万里以文人的独特“味觉”,从花中吃出了旷适和清高。《金瓶梅》和《红楼梦》两部小说中则展现出两个不同社会阶层以花为食俗与雅两种不同的情趣。整体来看,餐花书写呈现出前期少、后期多;专题少、意象多;具体少、抽象多的特点。文人的餐花书写除了比德明志之外,主要用于表现宴饮场面、塑造人物形象。但餐花书写所体现的不仅有文人主清淡、尚本味、崇养生的饮食思想,还有他们重精致、崇风雅、讲情趣的审美倾向,更包含着他们重德行、慕先贤、贵清空的价值取向。
[Abstract]:Eating flowers was a special eating behavior in ancient China. Flowers were first recognized and accepted as vegetables. With the rich sources of food, flowers as food materials as a declining status, gradually become the ornament on the table. However, due to the discovery of flower medicine, aesthetic value and the characteristics of time limit, multifunction and super class nature of flower food, some special food behaviors have been accepted and preserved. In the evolution of flower diet, the ancient literati recorded their own experiences of collecting, making and eating flowers in the form of literature, which formed the literature theme of "meal flower". The original flower writing was enveloped in the mysterious mystery of witchcraft, linked to the communication of gods and the prolongation of evil spirits and longevity. After the Tang Dynasty, the literati enriched the images of food flowers, refined the description of food, and more of personal taste, cultural taste into the writing of food flowers. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the writing of food flowers was gradually enriched in various genres, such as prose, drama, novels and so on, which made the writing of meal flowers take on a look of elegance and common appreciation. In the process of development, qu Yuan, as the first person to eat flowers, first took edible flowers to symbolize self-cultivation, and laid the foundation for future generations to eat flowers. Tao Yuanming comes out a chrysanthemum from thousands of flowers and flowers, and endows the edible chrysanthemum with the new interest of returning to nature with its own hermitage. Su Shi and Yang Wanli, with their unique "taste sense" of literati, ate Kuang Shi and Qing Gao from flowers. In the two novels, Jin Ping Mei and A Dream of Red Mansions, two different social strata show two different tastes, one is to eat flowers as vulgar and the other is to be elegant. As a whole, the writing of meal flowers shows the characteristics of less early stage, more later stage, less special topics, more images, less concrete and more abstract. In addition to Biede Ming Zhi, the literati's writing of food flowers is mainly used to show the banquet scene and shape the character image. But the writing of food flowers embodies not only the literati's light taste, but also their diet thought of preserving health, and their aesthetic tendency of emphasizing refinement, elegance and interest, including their value orientation of attaching importance to virtue, adoring sages, and valuing emptiness and emptiness.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.2

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