徽州审美文化初探

发布时间：2018-04-18 23:32

本文选题：徽州 + 审美文化　；参考：《山东师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 徽州审美文化是历史地发生并存在于徽州这一地域的,以及受其影响所产生的审美文化总称。本文所论主要是狭义上的徽州审美文化,即宋宣和三年(1121年)至清宣统三年(1911年)这段时间在徽州地区产生、发展并达到鼎盛的审美文化。包括徽州建筑、徽州戏曲、徽州绘画、徽州版画、徽州篆刻、徽州工艺、徽州文学、徽州民俗等内容。徽州审美文化的产生是徽州独特的自然环境、社会经济、历史文化等因素综合作用的结果。其中,自然环境为徽州审美文化的产生提供了原料基础;徽商的大力支持是徽州审美文化产生的经济动力;宗族文化、程朱理学、士文化、商业文化、风水文化等各类文化的相互交融构成了徽州审美文化产生的文化背景。徽州地处万山环绕的皖南山区,山林耸峙、山川雄深的自然风貌不仅可以作为审美对象直接为徽州的绘画、版画及文学等艺术所用,其所产丰富的木材、砖石等又为徽州审美文化的产生提供了原料。同时,徽州地势斗绝、山川峻美的地貌吸引了历史上热爱自然山水的文人雅士及躲避中原战乱的士族们的迁徙,由此造成徽州人口与土地之间的矛盾。徽商便是调合这种矛盾的产物。作为徽州审美文化繁荣发展的经济后盾,徽商雄厚的资本投资推动了徽州审美文化的全面发展。一时间,徽州地区出现建筑、雕刻、版画、戏曲、篆刻、工艺等各类艺术“百花齐放”的局面。并且,由于徽商的影响,徽州审美文化中开始注入商业文化的审美特色。在商业文化的冲击下,徽州地区过去盛行的宗族文化和潜伏的士文化、风水文化相互激荡,使得徽州审美文化走向成熟,其古雅特征也愈益明显。徽州审美文化作为徽州人集体智慧的结晶,是由徽州众多艺工、徽商和普通民众共同创造的。其饱含荣耀沧桑的历史积淀、精细典雅的工艺制作、古朴醇厚的乡风民俗以及融宏壮雅致于一体的建筑雕刻,无论是与其他地域审美文化相比较,还是其自身的历史发展过程,都在整体上呈现出古雅的审美风貌。徽州在中国独特的历史地理位置,使得徽州审美文化研究具有多重意义。首先,徽州审美文化研究作为地域审美文化研究的典型,对其他地域的审美文化研究具有重要的借鉴意义;其次,徽州审美文化作为中国审美文化的有机组成部分,研究徽州审美文化是中国审美文化研究的应有之义;最后,徽州审美文化还是徽学研究不可忽略的内容,加强对徽州审美文化的研究,有助于丰富充实徽学的研究内容,推动徽学的进一步发展。
[Abstract]:Huizhou aesthetic culture is a general term of aesthetic culture that occurs and exists in Huizhou region and is influenced by it.This paper mainly discusses the aesthetic culture of Huizhou in a narrow sense, that is, the period of Song Xuanghe's three years (1121) and Qing Xuanzhong's three years (1911), which developed and reached the peak of the aesthetic culture in Huizhou.It includes Huizhou architecture, Huizhou opera, Huizhou painting, Huizhou print, Huizhou seal cutting, Huizhou craftsmanship, Huizhou literature, Huizhou folklore, etc.The appearance of Huizhou aesthetic culture is the result of its unique natural environment, social economy, history and culture.Among them, the natural environment provides the raw material basis for the emergence of Huizhou aesthetic culture, the strong support of Huizhou merchants is the economic power of Huizhou aesthetic culture, the clan culture, the Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, the scholar culture, the commercial culture,The cultural background of Huizhou aesthetic culture is composed of fengshui culture and other cultures.Huizhou is located in the mountainous area of southern Anhui, surrounded by Wanshan Mountains. The mountains and forests are towering. The deep natural features of the mountains and rivers can not only be used as aesthetic objects for the paintings, prints and literature of Huizhou, but also produce abundant wood.Brick and stone provide raw materials for the appearance of Huizhou aesthetic culture.At the same time, the terrain of Huizhou is extremely fierce, and the beautiful landforms of the mountains and rivers have attracted scholars who love the natural mountains and rivers in history and the literati who have avoided the war in the Central Plains to migrate, resulting in the contradiction between the population and the land in Huizhou.Huizhou merchants are the product of this contradiction.As the economic backing of the prosperity and development of Huizhou aesthetic culture, Huizhou merchants' abundant capital investment promotes the overall development of Huizhou aesthetic culture.At one time, Huizhou area appeared architecture, carving, printmaking, opera, seal cutting, craft and other arts, "blooming a hundred flowers" situation.Moreover, due to the influence of Huizhou merchants, Huizhou aesthetic culture began to inject the aesthetic characteristics of commercial culture.Under the impact of commercial culture, the clan culture and latent taxi culture that prevailed in Huizhou area in the past, the fengshui culture agitated each other, which made the aesthetic culture of Huizhou become mature, and its ancient and elegant characteristics became more and more obvious.As the crystallization of the collective wisdom of Huizhou people, the aesthetic culture of Huizhou was created by many artists, merchants and ordinary people in Huizhou.Its rich historical accumulation of glorious vicissitudes of life, fine and elegant craftsmanship, simple and mellow local customs and architectural sculptures, whether compared with other regional aesthetic cultures or its own historical development process,On the whole, they all show the elegant aesthetic style.Huizhou's unique historical and geographical position makes the study of Huizhou's aesthetic culture have many meanings.Firstly, as a typical study of regional aesthetic culture, the study of Huizhou aesthetic culture has important significance for reference to the study of other regions' aesthetic culture; secondly, as an organic part of Chinese aesthetic culture, Huizhou aesthetic culture is an organic part of Chinese aesthetic culture.To study the aesthetic culture of Huizhou is the proper meaning of the study of Chinese aesthetic culture. Finally, the aesthetic culture of Huizhou is still a content that can not be ignored in the study of Huizhou aesthetics. Strengthening the research on the aesthetic culture of Huizhou is helpful to enrich the contents of the study of Huizhou.To promote the further development of Huixue.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B83-0

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