论西方古典悲剧中的死亡之美

发布时间：2018-04-25 19:35

本文选题：古典 + 悲剧　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：死亡是文学的永恒主题之一。由于西方古典悲剧向来被看作西方文学的顶峰,西方古典悲剧以死亡为前提、死亡构成了希腊悲剧的核心内容,因此,死亡在西方古典悲剧尤其是古希腊悲剧中表现得最典型。尽管悲剧繁荣的时代早已离人们远去,悲剧几乎被其他的文学形式挤出历史的舞台,尽管人们谈死色变,但却从未停止对死亡尤其是悲剧中的死亡的研究。人们既可以通过悲剧人物的死亡的主观感受来体验死亡,又可以深刻地理解死亡,还可以审美地观照死亡,使焦虑、孤独、浮躁的心灵变得平和、和谐、冷静。更为可喜的是,目前对悲剧作品中的死亡的审美研究还很不充分,有待进一步深入研究。由于笔者对西方古典悲剧比较感兴趣,因此,最后以“论西方古典悲剧中的死亡之美”为题目。本文从四个方面来论述。一、死亡的类型。笔者在对大量的相关悲剧作品阅读基础上,从情感心理学的角度将悲剧中的死亡分为悲壮的死、悲愤的死、悲惨的死与惋惜的死四类。二、死亡的文本呈现。由于死亡在西方古典悲剧作品中普遍存在,死亡在悲剧作品中集中表现为死亡意识。那么,要彻底研究清楚悲剧中的死亡的审美价值就必须先充分把握其中的死亡意识。三、死亡的审美价值。在对悲剧作品进行分类与对其中的死亡意识研究的基础上,通过与中国古典悲剧相比较,笔者认为,这四类悲剧中死亡的审美价值分别是从容的崇高、无奈的崇高、拘谨的崇高、遗憾的崇高。四、悲剧人物的死亡对生物性死亡的超越。对死亡的超越主要是通过悲剧人物的伟大人格表现出来的。因为,这种伟大的人格是人类所共同具有的,是不朽的。这主要表现在悲剧人物挑战死亡的信心、直面死亡的勇气、死亡之后的生命以及尚未完成的超越四个方面。总之,通过对西方古典悲剧中死亡的审美研究,笔者以为死亡并不可怕,可怕的只是可怕本身。人们只有努力地追求自身的理想、努力实现人生的价值,才能无悔于生命,无惧于死亡。
[Abstract]:Death is one of the eternal themes of literature. Because the western classical tragedy has always been regarded as the peak of the western literature, the western classical tragedy takes the death as the premise, the death has formed the core content of the Greek tragedy, therefore, the death is the most typical in the western classical tragedy, especially in the ancient Greek tragedy. Although the era of tragic prosperity is long gone, tragedy is almost pushed out of history by other forms of literature, although people talk about death, but never stop the study of death, especially death in tragedy. People can not only experience death through the subjective feeling of death of tragic characters, but also can deeply understand death, but also can aesthetic view death, make anxiety, loneliness, impetuous mind become calm, harmonious and calm. What is more gratifying is that the aesthetic study of death in tragic works is not enough at present and needs further study. Since the author is interested in the western classical tragedy, the final topic is "on the Beauty of death in the Western Classical tragedy". This article discusses from four aspects. First, the type of death. On the basis of reading a large number of related tragic works, the author classifies death in tragedy into four categories from the angle of emotional psychology: tragic death, sad death, tragic death and lamentable death. Second, the text of death is presented. Because death exists widely in western classical tragedy works, death is mainly manifested as death consciousness in tragic works. In order to thoroughly study the aesthetic value of death in tragedy, we must grasp the consciousness of death. Third, the aesthetic value of death. On the basis of the classification of tragic works and the study of death consciousness among them, by comparing with classical Chinese tragedies, the author thinks that the aesthetic value of death in these four kinds of tragedies is the sublime of leisurely and the loftiness of helplessness, respectively. The sublime of formality, regret, etc. Fourth, the death of tragic characters transcends the biological death. The transcendence of death is mainly expressed through the great personality of tragic characters. For this great personality is common to mankind and immortal. This is mainly manifested in four aspects: the tragic character challenges the confidence of death, the courage to face death, the life after death and the unfinished transcendence. In a word, through the aesthetic study of death in western classical tragedy, the author thinks that death is not terrible, what is terrible is horror itself. Only when people strive to pursue their ideals and realize the value of life can they have no regrets and fear of death.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B83-091

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