“城市表情”：城市题材纪实摄影研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 20:42

本文选题：纪实摄影 + 城市化　；参考：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国的纪实摄影在20世纪80年代迎来了“春天”,不仅在学术上有了符合中国特色的探索进步,而且在记录、表现、传承上都有了新的转变、新的突破、新的发展。而城市作为政治、经济、文化、人口等多方面因素的聚集地,以城市为题材的纪实摄影逐渐走进了人们的视野。于是,“城市表情”也逐渐成为表现城市的重要方式之一。摄影家、媒体记者、社会大众等逐渐开始用图片纪实方式来反映城市的千姿百态、记录社会发展变化具体历程、揭示城市化带来的问题、聚焦城市边缘化群体的生存状况等等,这种直接、方便、且具有现场感的视觉手段得到了社会大众的一致认可,并传播利用开来。 “城市表情”一词源自复旦大学新闻传播学院教授、著名纪实摄影家、摄影评论家、策展人顾铮的《城市表情》一书,也是特指以城市为题材的摄影。随着纪实摄影的逐步普及与发展,以城市为题材的摄影作品也从单一宣传到立体视角转变、从客观记录到城市表现的转变、从物质生活到精神追求的转变、从内容单一到追求城市变化的转变。而伴随着城市纪实摄影语言的变化,手机、微博、微信等多样化传播媒介的使用,促使了该类摄影伴随着城市化运动、城市记忆、城市审美、城市空间认知等也发生了明显变化,这与新闻传播领域的研究也息息相关。对城市纪实摄影的研究,不仅可以为新闻传播研究者提供掌握城市化信息、研究城市公共领域传播手段、记录真实现场等提供了依据,也成为整合社会有利资源、客观记录城市发展轨迹、解决城市化发展问题、促进城市健康有序发展等的必要手段之一。一座城市需要一本纪录,一本影集,更需要一段回忆。本论文以安徽省的省会城市合肥为例,以都市报《合肥晚报》的纪实摄影专栏“快镜”为切入口,梳理了近四年的401部摄影作品,从系统、全面的文本分析入手,从传播学、社会学、心理学等角度,全面透彻对该栏目内容、选题、版面、标题、特点等进行了数据统计、划分整理、归纳分析,对纪实摄影与城市化、纪实摄影与城市记忆之间的关系进行了详细的分析阐述,通过纪实摄影发展脉络的归纳整理、中外纪实摄影的内容对比、城市纪实摄影个案分析等,逐层阐释了以城市为题材的纪实摄影特点、功能、意义,以及当前存在的不足,从而较为完整、具体、系统的梳理和探讨了城市与纪实摄影之间的关系,进而发现目前该类摄影面临的问题以及对现代纪实摄影的意义与作用。本文共分为四个部分。第一部分主要是从国内外以城市为题材的纪实摄影发展状况入手,着重探讨了中国纪实摄影的出现、发展状况,并梳理出城市为题材的纪实摄影呈现的特点和功能。第二部分是以《合肥晚报》的“快镜”栏目为例,在梳理了2010-2013年近四年的纪实摄影作品的基础上,从拍摄的内容、主题、标题、版面等分类讨论,对该题材的纪实摄影与城市合肥之间的关系做了深入的探讨。第三部分则是延续了城市与纪实摄影之间的关系的分析,对纪实摄影与城市化、纪实摄影与城市记忆两个主题进行了深入剖析,试图从新的视角来展现城市与纪实摄影之间的关系。第四部分则是对当前城市题材的纪实摄影发展进步的原因进行了逐条分析,从主要原因、根本原因、主要影响因素等加以剖析。最后是对中国该类题材的纪实摄影的反思,反观纪实摄影当前的发展现状,从商业利益、消费底层、主流价值观缺失、地域文化特色流失、社会互动不强、作品深度不够等具体问题,全面而透彻地揭示当前存在的不足与问题,通过分析探讨、归纳总结,对城市题材纪实摄影的发展需要面对的新形势、新问题、新压力加以阐述,从而推动了城市纪实摄影的长足发展,也为记录社会发展、掌握社会舆情、解决城市化问题等提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:In 1980s, China's documentary photography ushered in the "spring" in 1980s. It not only has the exploration and progress with Chinese characteristics, but also has a new transformation, a new breakthrough and a new development in the record, performance and inheritance. The city is the gathering place of many factors, such as political, economic, cultural, and population, and the discipline of the city. Real photography has gradually entered people's field of vision. Therefore, "urban expression" has gradually become one of the most important ways to show the city. Photographers, media journalists, and social masses have gradually begun to reflect the various forms of the city by the way of documentary evidence, record the specific course of social development and change, reveal the problems brought about by the urbanization, focus on the city side. The survival of the marginalized group and so on, this direct, convenient, and on-site visual means has been recognized by the public and spread and utilized.
The word "city expression" derives from the professor of the school of Journalism and communication of Fudan University, a famous documentary photographer, a photographic critic and a curator, Gu Zheng's "city expression > a book", but also a photo of the city as a subject. With the gradual popularization and development of documentary photography, photography works on the theme of city also change from a single publicity to a stereoscopic perspective. From the objective record to the transformation of urban performance, from material life to spiritual pursuit, from the single content to the change in urban change, with the change of city documentary photography language, the use of diversified media such as mobile phone, micro-blog, WeChat and other media has prompted this kind of photography to be accompanied by urbanization, urban memory, and urban aesthetics. The urban spatial cognition has also changed obviously, which is closely related to the research in the field of news and communication. The study of city documentary photography can not only provide information for news communication researchers to master urbanization information, study the means of communication in the public field of the city, record the real scene and so on, but also become a favorable resource for the integration of the society. It is necessary to record the urban development track objectively, solve the problem of urbanization development, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the city.
A city needs a record, a film, and a memory. This paper, taking Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province as an example, takes the "quick mirror" of the documentary photography column of the Hefei evening newspaper as the entrance, combing 401 photographs for nearly four years, starting with the system and comprehensive text analysis, from communication, sociology, psychology. On the other hand, a thorough and thorough analysis of the content, topic selection, layout, title, and characteristics of the column is carried out. The relationship between documentary photography and urbanization, documentary photography and urban memory is analyzed in detail, and the context of documentary photography is summarized, and the contents of documentary photography in China and foreign countries are compared. The case analysis of urban documentary photography, etc., explains the characteristics, functions, significance, and the current shortcomings of the documentary photography subject to the city, which is more complete, concrete and systematic, and discusses the relationship between the city and the documentary photography, and then finds out the problems facing this kind of photography and the modern documentary photography. Meaning and function.
This article is divided into four parts. The first part is mainly from the development of documentary photography with the theme of city at home and abroad. It focuses on the appearance and development of documentary photography in China, and combs out the features and functions of the documentary photography of the city as a subject. The second part is an example of the "fast mirror" column of the "Hefei Evening News" as an example. On the basis of 2010-2013 years' documentary photography of nearly four years, from the content, subject, title, and layout of the photograph, the relationship between the documentary photography of the subject and the city Hefei is discussed deeply. The third part is the continuation of the analysis of the relationship between the city and the documentary photography, the documentary photography and the urbanization, The two themes of documentary photography and urban memory are deeply analyzed, trying to show the relationship between city and documentary photography from a new perspective. The fourth part is an analysis of the reasons for the development of documentary photography of the current urban themes, from the main reasons, the fundamental reasons, the main influencing factors and so on. Finally, it is the analysis of the main reasons, the main influence factors and so on. Reflecting on the documentary photography of this kind of subject in China, looking back on the current development situation of documentary photography, from the commercial interests, the bottom of the consumption, the loss of the mainstream values, the loss of regional cultural characteristics, the lack of social interaction and the lack of the depth of the works, we fully and thoroughly reveal the shortcomings and problems of the current existence, and summarize the general situation through the analysis and discussion. The new situation, new problems and new pressures are discussed in the development of documentary photography in urban areas, thus promoting the rapid development of urban documentary photography, and providing a reference for the development of society, social public opinion, and the problem of urbanization.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J419.1

【参考文献】