“文学是人学”命题的总体审视及关联性思考

发布时间：2018-01-13 18:09

本文关键词：“文学是人学”命题的总体审视及关联性思考　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：关于“文学是人学”命题的首先提出者,有人认为是钱谷融先生,有人认为是高尔基。从史料上看,钱谷融先生发表《论“文学是人学”》一文,最早提出“文学是人学”命题,并进行了系统性阐述,使之成为别具一格和自成系统的文学思想。高尔基并未明确提出“文学是人学”命题,而是有过“文学是‘人学’或‘民学’的源泉”等语句的表达。我们在引用“文学是人学”命题时应秉持科学严谨的态度,实事求是,而不能不问来处,随意征引。“文学是人学”命题虽然在文艺理论界产生过深远影响、起到过重要作用,但这并不能说明命题本身毫无瑕疵、没有局限。本文认为,“文学是人学”的表述还不够严谨、准确。其原因在于:第一,不仅文学是研究人的,其他人文社会科学诸如哲学、经济学、政治学、历史学、心理学、宗教等等,也都是以人为研究对象。在这一意义上,这些学科也可以说是人学。因而应清楚界定文学意义上的“人”,而不能仅仅一般地谈人学。第二,世界上的每一事物都有区别于其他事物的内在规定。既然是两个事物,那么就有各自成其为自身的特殊性,不能相互“是”彼此,否则二者就成为同一个事物了。“文学”和“人学”是两个不相同的学科,虽有交集,但不可混为一谈。“文学是人学”这种说法旨在强调:文学是以“人”的社会生活为主要表现对象,是对人的社会属性的审美表达。但不能因此而把该论断的语境和前提虚化,也不能把文学以“人”为中心置换为以“人学”为中心。分析、阐释“文学是人学”命题本身的局限性,并不是要全盘否定该命题,更不是无视其曾起到的巨大作用、所产生的深远影响。相反,我们是为了更好、更透彻地弘扬该命题所要表达的本义和精神旨归,更好地坚持这一提法所强调的“文学”要以“人”为中心、为主体,要重视“人”的价值,而不是将对人的描写作为“工具”和“手段”的启蒙理想。命题所要表达的本义是不刊之论,在当下仍然具有重大的理论指导意义。社会主义文学是人民的文学,人民是文学创作的源头活水。社会主义文学应以人民之“人”为中心、为主体。社会主义文学的人民性是马克思主义文艺理论的一个基本原则。文学应坚守人民性的思想、保持人民性的本色,站在人民大众、普通劳动者的立场上,对人民大众的的现实生活予以应有的关注。不能脱离人民、脱离群众、脱离现实、脱离生活。社会主义文学要关心普通人民群众的命运、倾听人民群众的心声、关注人民群众的前途、同情人民群众的疾苦,为人民讴歌、为人民服务。
[Abstract]:About the proposition of "literature isanthropology" was first proposed, some people think that Qian Gurong, some people think that is Golgi. From the historical point of view, Qian Gurong published "on" literature is human "one article, first put forward the proposition of" literature isanthropology ", and the system of this makes it have a unique style and a system of literary thought. Golgi did not explicitly put forward the proposition of" literature isanthropology ", but" literature is "expressions people" or "people learn" the source ". We referred to in the proposition of" literature isanthropology "should uphold science rigorous attitude, seeking truth from facts, and not to ask, at quoted." literature is human proposition although in literary theory had a profound impact, played an important role, but this does not explain the proposition itself no flaws, no limitation. This paper argues that "literature is the study of man The statement is not rigorous, accurate. The reason is: first, not only is the study of literature and other humanities and social sciences such as philosophy, economics, political science, history, psychology, religion and so on, are also taking as the research object. In this sense, the subject can also be said to be human. It should be clearly defined in the sense of literature of "people", and not just about the general human science. Second, everything in the world has inherent law different from other things. Since it is two things, then each into its own particularity, can not be "yes" to each other. Otherwise the two have become one and the same thing. "Literature" and "learning" are two different disciplines, although there is overlap, but not to be confused. "Literature is the study" this statement emphasizes that literature is the "people" social life as the main object, The aesthetic expression of social attributes of human beings. But we can not put the context and premise of the argument grammaticalization, nor literature centered on "people" as a replacement to "people" as the center. The analysis, interpretation of "literature is the limitation of the proposition of the study of man", is not to deny the proposition, not ignore its role played, the far-reaching influence. Instead, we are in order to better, more thorough carry forward the proposition to express the original meaning and spiritual purport, to better adhere to the formulation of the "Literature" to "people" as the center, as the main body, should pay attention to the value of "human", rather than on the description as a "tool" and "means" the ideal of enlightenment. The proposition to express the original meaning is an unalterable statement, at present still has important theoretical significance. The socialist literature is the people's literature, people Is the springhead of literary creation. The socialist literature should be to the people's "people" as the center, as the main body. The people's socialist literature is a basic principle of Marx's theory of literature and art. Literature should adhere to people's thoughts, to keep the people of color, standing in the masses of people, ordinary workers to position. Due attention to the reality of life. People can not be divorced from the people, from the masses, from the reality of life. The socialist literature should concern ordinary people's destiny, to listen to people's voices, the attention of the masses of the future, sympathy for the people's sufferings, people praise, to serve the people.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0

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