吴宓与中国比较文学

发布时间：2018-01-19 04:27

本文关键词： 吴宓比较文学会通视野学科建制　出处：《西南大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 吴宓是陕西泾阳人,出身关中世家。家族的熏陶与关学的积淀接受了传统文化,并把它融入自己的生命本体意识之中。在美国哈佛大学,吴宓接受了白璧德新人文主义思想,白璧德对儒家文化的肯定,让他更坚定了对传统文化的信仰。既然东西方文化各有优势,那就可以在相互比较中寻求精华加以吸收,或者用西方理论重新解释中国的传统文化。吴宓决心把国外的比较文学识带回国内,把中国打造成“亚洲新希腊”尽自己的最大努力。这种“熔铸中西文化精华”“融会贯通”的思想,成为吴宓比较文学观的文化背景和思想基础。作为中国比较文学的拓荒者和先驱,吴宓为开创和发展现代中国的比较文学研究及建立系统化规范化的比较文学学科体制做出了重要贡献。吴宓的诗歌、诗论、小说理论、戏剧观和日记等著作中包含着丰富的比较文学思想;他所主创的《学衡》杂志和其主编的《大公报·文艺副刊》中也体现了吴宓融汇中西的比较文学思想;他还通过教育的方式传播比较文学思想,这一系列措施都为中国比较文学学科的建立做出了不可磨灭的贡献。本文分为三个部分,第一部分为引言,主要介绍吴宓的研究现状、研究成果中存在的不足、选题的理论价值和研究的主要内容。第二部分为文章的正文部分,总体上论述了吴宓与中国比较文学的关系。第一章为吴宓的比较文学理念和实践,分为两节。第一节主要论述了中国比较文学发生的历史。第二节分为五个小节,第一节主要论述中西兼容的文化学养是吴宓比较文学观念形成的基础。对儒家传统文化的信仰和对白壁德新人文主义的接受使吴宓使吴宓形成了独特的比较文学观念。第二节主要论述吴宓诗论的比较视野。在《诗学总论》、《英诗浅释》、《论诗之创作一答方玮德》等论文中,通过对古今中外大量诗歌作品的对比分析和分类归纳,提出了自己关于诗的发展取向见解,认为诗歌应采取“旧颜新质”的方式,不要丢掉传统的格律之美等主张,从而奠定了他在比较文学史上鼻祖的地位;第三节主要论述吴宓小说理论中的比较文学观念。运用西方的文学理论来解释《红楼梦》,吴宓并非第一人。王国维就曾用叔本华的悲剧哲学解释《红楼梦》的美学意境。然而用中西小说对比方法来研究《红楼梦》,吴宓却是当之无愧的先驱者。对《红楼梦》等古今中外大量小说的比较研究后,吴宓从宗旨、题材、结构、人物和环境等方面提出了关于小说创作的独特理论。第四节主要论述吴宓戏剧观中的比较文学思想。吴宓亲自创作了《陕西梦传奇》并且把美国诗人郎费罗的长诗《伊凡吉琳》改编为《沧桑艳传奇》。吴宓对中西戏剧进行了比较,并且提出了戏剧应该重想象和精神等独特见解。第五节主要论述了吴宓的翻译观和译作中的比较文学思想。此外,在吴宓的诗歌和日记中也包含着大量的比较文学思想,他总是以宽广的视野对中西文化进行比较,这相对于同时代学者对待东西方文化的极端态度来说是难能可贵的。第二章为吴宓与中国比较文学学科的建制,分为两节。第一节主要论述吴宓通过传播和教育的方式宣传其比较文学思想。为了更好地传播比较文学思想,吴宓与其同仁创办了《学衡》杂志并主编《大公报·文艺副刊》,从创刊宗旨、封面画像到主要内容等都体现了中西文化融会贯通的思想。留学归国后,吴宓将毕生的精力奉献于教育事业,他先后在东南大学、清华大学、四川联合大学等多所高校任教,“文学与人生”“中西诗比较”和“欧洲文学史”是他在这些大学长期开设的三门课程。早在清华大学吴宓就已经开设了“中西诗之比较研究”,使比较文学学科首次进入高等学府的大门,为我国培养了第一代比较文学的研究人员。第二节主要论述吴宓最终建立了中国比较文学学科制度。为了建立系统化规范化的中国比较文学学科制度,吴宓采取了制定培养方案、延请名师和设置课程等措施,最终建立了中国比较文学的学科规范,并培养了大量精通中西文化的人才。然而对吴宓与比较文学的研究虽很多文章都有所涉及,但大多停留在表面叙述上,且关于吴宓对比较文学学科建制的贡献,在很多比较文学著作里不是一笔带过就是根本不提,而系统地梳理论述吴宓对中国比较文学学科的建制的开拓性作用对于了解吴宓的教育教学思想以及文化观是十分重要的。本文以吴宓对中国比较文学的贡献为研究内容,系统地梳理了吴宓的大量著作和所办报刊杂志,从中提炼出吴宓融汇中西的比较文学思想。并在此基础上论述了吴宓为建立中国比较文学学科体制所采取的一系列的措施及其对后世产生的巨大意义,进一步拓深了吴宓研究的力度。
[Abstract]:Wu Mi was born in Shaanxi Jingyang people's family. Family edification and aesthetic acceptance of traditional culture heritage, and put it into their own life noumenon consciousness. At the Harvard University, Wu Mi accepted Babbitt's new humanism, Babbitt of Confucian culture certainly, let him more firmly to the traditional culture faith. Since western culture has its own advantages, it can be compared with each other in seek the essence to be absorbed, or use the western theory to explain China traditional culture. Wu Mi is determined to comparative literature of foreign knowledge back home, the Chinese created "new Asian Greek" do their best. "The casting of Chinese and Western culture the essence of" Mastery "thought, as Wu Mi view on comparative literature cultural background and ideological foundation. As a China comparative literature pioneer and pioneer Wu Mi for creating and development To make an important contribution to the study of comparative literature Chinese generation and establishment of standardized system of comparative literature system. Wu Mi's poetry, poetry, drama and novel theory, diary and other writings contain rich thoughts of comparative literature; his creative "Xueheng magazine and its main series of" Ta Kung Pao literature supplement > also reflects Wu Mi's blend of Chinese and Western comparative literature; he also by way of education dissemination of comparative literature, made an indelible contribution to the establishment of a series of measures of comparative literature for China.
This paper is divided into three parts, the first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the research status of Wu Mi's lack of research achievements, the topics of the main content of the theory of value and research. The second part is the main part of this article, mainly discusses Wu Mi and Chinese relations of Comparative Literature. The first chapter is Wu Mi's concept of comparative literature and in practice, is divided into two sections. The first section mainly discusses the historical comparative literature Chinese. The second section is divided into five sections. The first section mainly discusses the Chinese and Western cultural knowledge is the foundation of comparative literature. Wu Mi form the idea of traditional culture of Confucianism and new humanism on moral belief, accept the wall to Wu Mi Wu Mi the formation of a unique sense of comparative literature. The second section mainly discusses the comparison of Wu Mi's poetics. In "poetics pandect >, < < > of English poetry, poetry creation of a party Weide > and so on paper, based on the Analysis and comparison of classification summarized a lot of poetry works at all times and in all countries, put forward their own views on poetry development orientation, that poetry should take the "newness" of old Yan, don't throw away the traditional forms of beauty and other claims, which laid the foundation of his ancestor in Comparative Literature history; section third mainly discusses the theory of Wu Mi s novels in the sense of comparative literature. Using western literary theory to explain the "a dream of Red Mansions", Wu Mi is not the first one. Wang Guowei used the tragedy of Schopenhauer's philosophical interpretation of artistic conception "a dream of Red Mansions". However, with the comparison method to study Chinese and Western novel "a dream of Red Mansions", Wu Mi is the pioneer of the comparative study of "fully deserve. Red a large number of novels such as" dream at all times and in all countries, Wu Mi from purpose, theme, structure, proposed a unique theory on fiction characters and environment. The fourth section mainly discusses the concept of Wu Mixi's Drama In the comparative literature. Wu Mi personally created the Shaanxi legend > and < dream of American poet Lang Feiluo's poem < < > Ivan Evangeline adapted for the vicissitudes of life. Wu Mi and Yan legend made a comparison of Chinese and Western drama, and puts forward the imagination and spirit should play a unique insight. Fifth main discusses Wu Mi's translation in the view of translation and comparative literature. In addition, in Wu Mi's poems and diary also contains a large number of comparative literature, he takes a broader view of Chinese and Western culture by comparing it with respect to extreme attitude contemporaries to eastern and Western culture is valuable. The second chapter is Wu Mi and China comparative literature the discipline construction, is divided into two sections. The first section mainly discusses Wu Mi through the dissemination and education way to publicize its comparative literature. In order to better dissemination of comparative literature, Wu Mi and his colleagues < > magazine founder and editor of the "Ta Kung Pao literature supplement >, from its purpose, to cover the main content reflects the cultural values of thought. After returning, Wu Mi devoted his whole life to the cause of education, he worked in Southeast University, Tsinghua University, taught at the universities of Sichuan United University." literature and life "and" Chinese Poems "and" European literary history "is he in the University offers three courses at the Tsinghua University. Early Wu Mi has opened a" comparative study "of Chinese and Western poetry, the comparative literature discipline for the first time to enter the university gate, cultivation of the first generation of comparative literature research personnel for our country. The second section mainly discusses Wu Mi finally established the disciplinary system of comparative literature Chinese. In order to establish the system of standardization of the Chinese comparative literature system, Wu Mi took Zhi Dingpei A scheme for teacher and curriculum and other measures, the eventual establishment of disciplinary norms China comparative literature, and training a large number of cultural talents. However, proficient in the study of Wu Mi and comparative literature, although many articles have been involved, but most of them stay on the surface of the narrative, and about Wu Mi contribution to the discipline of comparative literature in many literary works, not in comparison with a pen is not provided, and systematically discusses the Wu Mi system of comparative literature China the pioneering role for understanding the education thoughts of Wu Mi and culture is very important.
This paper takes Wu Mi to China comparative literature contribution as the research content, systematically reviews a large number of works of Wu Mi and the office of newspapers and magazines, Wu Mi refines the fusion of Chinese and Western comparative literature thoughts from it. And on the basis of discussing the great significance to Wu Mi for the establishment of China comparative literature system a series of measures and later generations, further expand the Wu Mi research efforts.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I0-03

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