丰子恺“艺术的心”的美学阐释

发布时间：2018-03-07 10:09

本文选题：丰子恺　切入点：艺术的心　出处：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪初中西方文化交融碰撞,中国面临启蒙与救亡两大主题。丰子恺吸收和改造西方立普斯和康德的美学思想,吸收和改造儒家美育思想和佛教哲学美学观念,提出“艺术的心”的理论纲领,以此投入到启蒙与救亡的时代大潮。丰子恺“艺术的心”具有丰富的理论内涵。它是审美之心、道德之心和宗教之心的有机融合。审美之心是艺术的心的核心和基础:它是“绝缘”的超功利之心。丰子恺认为现实世界如同一张由金钱名利和无奈结成的巨大的网,人们在其中变得越来越冷漠、浮躁、机械、自私而无趣。“绝缘说”就是要用审美和艺术解除我们构造的因果利益之网,而用本真的眼睛发现日常生活中艺术的趣味。丰子恺高度赞美童心,他认为童心是最澄明真实、纯洁而至善的,童心具有趣味和很强的创造力,这些都是审美和艺术的特点。审美之心还是人与世界物我合一的情感体验。人与万物的情感、意义关系是人与世界最本原的关系,在这种关系中,人回归到精神家园,所以会产生巨大的精神享受和情感愉悦。道德之心是艺术的心的重要功能:美德和仁爱之心是艺术家创作的前提。在审美和艺术的同情共感中,世界万物都成为和人亲密无间的生命共同体,人博爱的情怀和仁爱之心就在潜移默化中被陶染和养成。在审美直观和物我通融的境界中,人们摆脱实用功利,呈现出本真的我和本真的世界,从而培养人对万物自由超越的情感体验。审美和艺术还能激发和培养人丰富的感觉、情感,自由的想象力和敏锐的直觉力等丰盈的感性生命,使人的感性和理性获得平衡;审美和艺术能培养人的道德情感和自由意志,使人的工具理性和价值理性获得平衡,从而培养圆满的人格。宗教之心是“艺术的心”的最高境界:审美和艺术培养人万物有情和生命平等意识;审美和艺术可以长养人呵护万类生命的“慈悲”之心。艺术的最高点与宗教相接,因为艺术可以培养大爱无疆从而担当人类苦难的崇高人格;在审美和艺术体验中人们可以领悟与天地合流的神圣境界。丰子恺“艺术的心”具有超越时代的现实意义。今天,人类面临的困境首先是工具理性和物质主义对社会、人生的全面主宰,自然对人的惩罚成为影响今天中国人(无论贫富贵贱)幸福感的首要因素。与此同时,曾让人与人之间相濡以沫的道德理性和让人相忘于江湖的自由的审美情怀则萎缩,被边缘化。这一切都呼唤着人类审美之心、道德之心和宗教之心的回归。所以,阐释丰子恺艺术的心思想的精华,对于解决我们今天面临的问题具有重要的启示。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, China was confronted with the two themes of enlightenment and national salvation. Feng Zikai absorbed and reformed the aesthetic thoughts of Lippes and Kant, and absorbed and reformed the aesthetic education thought of Confucianism and the aesthetic concept of Buddhist philosophy. Put forward the theory creed of "the heart of art", so as to put into the era tide of enlightenment and salvation. Feng Zikai's "heart of art" has rich theoretical connotation, it is the heart of aesthetics, The aesthetic heart is the core and foundation of the heart of art: it is the super utilitarian heart of "insulation". Feng Zikai believes that the real world is like a huge network of money, fame and fortune and helplessness. People are becoming more and more apathetic, impetuous, mechanical, selfish and boring. "Insulation" is to use aesthetics and art to lift the net of causality that we construct. Feng Zikai highly praised the child's heart. He believed that the child's heart was the clearest, truest, purest and most virtuous, and that the child's heart was interesting and highly creative. These are the characteristics of aesthetics and art. The aesthetic heart is still the emotional experience of the unity of man and the world. The emotional relationship between man and all things, the relationship of meaning is the most primitive relationship between man and the world, in which man returns to his spiritual home. The moral heart is the important function of the artistic heart: virtue and benevolence are the premise of the artist's creation. Everything in the world has become an intimate community of life, and the feelings of fraternity and benevolence are imperceptibly stained and nurtured. In the realm of aesthetic intuitionistic and materialistic accommodation, people get rid of practical utility. Presenting the true self and the real world, thus cultivating the human's emotional experience of transcending all things freely. Aesthetics and art can also stimulate and cultivate people's rich feelings, emotions, free imagination, keen intuition and other rich perceptual life, To achieve balance between sensibility and reason, aesthetics and art can cultivate moral emotion and free will, and balance between instrumental rationality and value rationality. The highest realm of "the heart of art" is the heart of art: aesthetics and art cultivate the sense of love and equality of life; The highest point of art is connected with religion, because art can cultivate the lofty personality of love and boundless human suffering; In the aesthetic and artistic experience, people can comprehend the sacred realm of confluence with heaven and earth. Feng Zikai's "Heart of Art" has the realistic significance of surpassing the times. The total domination of life, naturally, the punishment of human beings has become the most important factor affecting the happiness of the Chinese people today (rich and poor, rich and poor). At the same time, The moral reason and the free aesthetic feelings that made people forget each other shrank and were marginalized. All this called for the return of human aesthetic heart, moral heart and religious heart. Explaining the essence of Feng Zikai's artistic mind has important enlightenment to solve the problems we face today.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J01

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