物质与想象—巴什拉的审美救赎

发布时间：2018-06-06 21:40

本文选题：巴什拉 + 物质　；参考：《西藏民族大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文从物质、想象、存在三个支点出发,试图挖掘法国哲学家巴什拉物质想象诗学理论中关于人之“诗意存在”的内涵,为现代性的审美救赎提供重要启示。本论文主要分为四个部分：物质、想象及存在的现代性演化；存在与“物质元素想象”之诗学；存在与“现象学想象”①之诗学；巴什拉之审美救赎。第一部分：物质、想象及存在的现代性演化。在这部分主要突出现代性背景下人之存在与物质、与想象之间的矛盾。巴什拉作为一个一直关注人之存在的哲学家,对现代性某些不合理之处如物质过度膨胀,想象被贬幽暗之隅的现象表现出深切的担忧。他认为笛卡尔的理性主义是有缺失的,这种理性主义终会顺其自然的滑向极端理性主义。事实上,这种趋势已经初露端倪。理性主义的极端发展必然导致物质为王,而代表人之精神的想象则被无情驱赶,呈现出不平衡的发展状况。这种状况导致的直接后果便是物质充斥在精神层面,人之精神想象无处立足,进而导致人之精神的虚无,异化。巴什拉物质想象的诗学理论即在这种现代性的矛盾中诞生,旨在修正现代性这种物质与想象的不平衡发展之路,进而缓解现代人之精神想象的荒芜。第二部分：存在与“物质元素想象”之诗学。这一部分探究巴什拉“物质元素想象”部分的诗学理论。巴什拉选取大量文学诗歌中的形象作为研究对象,将其按照火、水、气、土四种物质元素的属性划分为不同类型,进而加以研究人之想象。在《火的精神分析》中,巴什拉指出人之想象的价值,想象并不是一无是处,它对于提高人之精神的活力具有物质所达不到的功效；在《水与梦》中,巴什拉着重探讨想象之本质,即想象的物质性的内核。物质与想象并不是毫无关系的,物质规定培育着想象,物质是想象的基础与本质,想象在人的参与下发挥着积极的反作用；在《空气与遐想》中,巴什拉更进一步探讨想象的上升运动。这种运动正如巴什拉所说：“你是一切巅峰的深度!”,通过这种运动,巴什拉告诉我们,想象具有无限创造的能力,超越现实的能力；《土地与意志》旨在研究对物质发挥作用的能动性的想象力。这种想象力需要人对物质的相应的意志与时间,这是巴什拉讨论的重点；在《土地与静息》中,研究土的深层作为容纳表现出来的诗意想象,即土的外部与内部表现出不同的想象,我们的精神想象不能受表面的迷惑,而忽略对物质内在精神的探究。第三部分：存在与“现象学想象”之诗学。在这部分,重点关注巴什拉现象学转向之后,关于“现象学想象”诗学中人之想象的研究。这是想象“现象学”的研究,是对想象这一精神活动的本体论的研究。巴什拉大致上用了三部著作来研究本体存在的想象,整体上遵循“想象”之前、“想象”之中、“想象”之后这一逻辑顺序。《空间的诗学》是关于“想象”之前的研究。他用现象学的纯粹意向性向我们表明他“向诗学语言的现实性靠近”的目的。《梦想的诗学》是关于“想象”之中的研究。巴什拉区分夜梦与梦想,集中精力论述后者具有特殊和丰富的可能性。“诗性形象的现象学要求读者积极的参与到正在产生的形象中来,这与现象的被动性,经验性的记述划清了界限,诗是存在的激扬,正处于激扬中的人不违背自己。”①；《烛之火》是“想象”之后的研究。巴什拉给我们讲述一个孤老的遐想者形象,在凝视孤独烛火时,会产生怎样的全新的想象的故事。巴什拉认为：一个富于想象的存在乐于遐想,并且生气勃勃的去遐想。这样的存在掌握着真理,掌握着人类的前途。第四部分：巴什拉之审美救赎。巴什拉物质想象诗学中关于存在方面的内涵表现为：首先,它是为人做出定义的一种哲学。其次,它启迪着对文明的新认识、新思考。这种文明之新思考包括物质与精神的新认识、理性与感性的新认识、物质与想象的新认识。再次,它体现为一种“寻根”意识。另外,从外部来看,巴什拉的理论具有非常广泛的影响和价值。他的物质想象诗学理论紧跟时代步伐,在现代性人之存在、审美救赎方面的论述曾启发了布莱、福柯、阿尔都塞、德勒兹等理论家。
[Abstract]:This thesis, starting with three fulcrum of material, imagination and existence, tries to excavate the connotation of the poetic existence of man in the theory of material imagination in French philosopher Basra, which provides important enlightenment for the aesthetic salvation of modernity. This thesis is divided into four parts: material, imagination and existence of modernity; existence and "material" The Poetics of element imagination; the Poetics of existence and "phenomenological imagination"; the aesthetic redemption of the first part: the evolution of modernity in material, imagination and existence. In this part, the contradiction between human existence and substance and imagination under the background of modernity is a philosopher who has always been concerned with the existence of human beings. There is a deep concern about some irrational parts of modernity, such as excessive expansion of material, and the phenomenon of being derogatory and dark. He thinks that Descartes's rationalism is missing, and this rationalism will slide into the extreme rationalism. In fact, the trend has begun to emerge. The extreme development of rationalism is necessary. However, material is king, and the imagination of the spirit of the representative is driven out by unbalance. The direct consequence of this situation is that the material is full of the spiritual level, the spiritual imagination of the man is not foothold, and then leads to the nihilism of the human spirit and alienation. The poetic theory of Basra's material imagination is in this modern era. The birth of the contradiction in sex is designed to amend the unbalanced development of modernity, the material and imagination, and to alleviate the desolation of the spiritual imagination of modern people. The second part: the Poetics of existence and the "imagination of material elements". This part explores the Poetics of Basra's "imagination of material elements". Basra chooses a large number of literary poems. In the spirit analysis of fire, Basra points out the value of human imagination in the spirit analysis of fire. In the spirit analysis of fire, Basra is not useless. It has no material effect to improve the vitality of human spirit. In the "water and dream", she focuses on the essence of imagination, that is, the physical core of imagination. Matter and imagination are not irrelevant, material regulations cultivate imagination, matter is the foundation and essence of imagination, imagination plays a positive reaction under human participation; in the air and imagination, the bath is further explored. Like the ascending movement of the elephant, as Basra said, "you are the depth of all the peak!" through this movement, Basra tells us to imagine the ability to create infinite, beyond the ability of reality; land and will is designed to study the dynamic imaginative imagination that plays a role in matter. The corresponding will and time, this is the focus of Basra's discussion; in "land and rest", the study of the deep layer of the soil as a manifestation of poetic imagination, that is, the external and internal performance of the earth is different imagination, our mental imagination can not be confused by the surface, but briefly on the inner spirit of material exploration. The third part: existence In this part, in this part, we focus on the study of human imagination in the "phenomenological imagination" after Basra's phenomenological turn. This is the study of "phenomenology", a study of the ontology of the imagination of this spiritual activity. Basra has used three books to study the existence of the ontology. Imagine, on the whole, following the logical sequence of "imagination", "imagination", "imagination". < space's poetics > is a study before "imagination". He uses the pure intentionality of phenomenology to show us that he is "approaching the reality of poetic language". Research. It distinguishes between the night dream and the dream, concentrating on the special and rich possibility of the latter. "The phenomenology of poetic image requires the reader to actively participate in the emerging image, which draws the boundary between the passivity of the phenomenon, the experiential narrative, the poem is the rise of the existence, and the people who are in the rise are not violating themselves." "Self." (1); < candle fire > is the study of "imagination". Grasp the future of human. The fourth part: Basra's aesthetic redemption. In Basra's material imagination poetics, the connotation of existence is manifested as: first, it is a philosophy for human definition. Secondly, it enlightens the new understanding of civilization and new thinking. The new thinking of this civilization includes the new understanding of material and spirit, rationality and A new perception of sensibility, a new understanding of material and imagination. Again, it is a kind of "root seeking" consciousness. In addition, from the outside, the theory of bash has a very wide range of influence and value. His material imagination poetics theory follows the pace of the times, and the discussion of the existence of modernity and aesthetic redemption has inspired Brune, Foucault, and ah. Althusser, Deleuze and other theorists.
【学位授予单位】：西藏民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I01

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