家族题材小说《财主底儿女们》与《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 02:52

本文选题：家族题材小说 + 《财主底儿女们》　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 路翎是中国现代文学史上著名的作家之一,其作品《财主底儿女们》是中国现代文学史上一部非常有价值的长篇小说,它的出版被认为是中国新文学史上的一件重大的事件,小说被誉为是“五四以来中国知识分子感情和意志的百科全书”。费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基是俄国19世纪最伟大的文学家之一,长篇小说《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》是其最后一部作品。这部作品可以说是作者哲学思考的总结,被称为人类有文明历史以来最为伟大的小说之两部小说成书年代不同,作家也处于不同的文化语境,然而,却都是中俄文学史上不可多得具有史诗意义规模宏大的家族题材小说。家族具有对民族精神和历史嬗变的“缩印”功能,两部小说正是借助于凝聚着历史变迁的家族这一社会基本单位,以家族的历史,来突显当时的社会史或民族史。同时,我们还看到,两位作家具有相似的精神气质,都善于在作品中挖掘人的灵魂,并对灵魂进行近乎残酷的拷问。因此两部作品都不仅能紧紧把握住时代的脉搏,而且对于知识分子的精神归宿都展开了深刻的批判和审问,也正因为此,才使得这两部家族题材作品的意义不止停留在史书似的记载,而更具有了人类精神史的伟大意义。论文从几个层面展开对两部作品的比较。论文分为四个章节。首先,绪论概述中俄家族制度演进过程中的异同和两部作品的时代背景,并且提出论文研究的意义和价值。在对中国宗法家族制度更加侧重血缘关系和俄罗斯早期村社制度注重集体意识的比较中,阐述了中俄民族心理的差异性。在对论文的意义和价值综述中,比较前人的研究成果,确立本论文的立新之处。第二章论文具体比较作品中两个家庭构成的异同,通过常规家庭和偶然家庭的比较,阐述两位作家不同选题的价值意义,并且通过具体分析作品中长辈——父亲和母亲形象,引出随着“父亲”意义的消逝、原有的家庭体系彻底崩溃的特征。论文第三章节承上启下,开始探讨家族没落之后,子女面对“失去父亲”如何寻找精神皈依。此章节分两部分,分类探讨子女们面临失去家园之后不同的抉择：是宁静的向传统皈依、寻找精神之父,还是近乎疯狂的寻求,走向旷野,在一粒麦子中得到救赎?这一章论文主要分析两位作家是怎样用近乎残酷的笔触,为我们展示了一个个主人公痛苦的精神世界。论文第四章具有概述意义,以总结性、回答式的行文,阐释两位作家对于知识分子走出家庭之后归属的思考。两位作家都看到,知识分子走向人民,才是唯一的出路,这也正体现了两部作品的伟大思想意义,在人性拷问中挖掘人类精神的出路,虽然这个论题带有难以阐述的深度复杂性,但是两位作家都做了近乎痛苦与焦灼的探讨。
[Abstract]:Lu Ling is one of the famous writers in the history of modern Chinese literature. His work, "the sons and daughters of the rich", is a very valuable novel in the history of modern Chinese literature. Its publication is considered to be an important event in the history of Chinese new literature. The novel is praised as an encyclopedia of Chinese intellectuals' feelings and will since the May 4th Movement. Fyodor Mikhilovich Dostoevsky is one of Russia's greatest writers in the 19th century. This work can be said to be a summary of the author's philosophical thinking. It is called one of the greatest novels in the history of civilization. But they are family novels of epic scale in the history of Chinese and Russian literature. The family has the function of "shrinking printing" to the national spirit and the historical evolution. The two novels highlight the social or national history of that time with the help of the family, the basic unit of society, which condenses the historical changes, and the history of the family. At the same time, we also see that the two writers have similar spiritual temperament, they are good at digging people's souls in their works, and torture the souls almost cruelly. Therefore, both works can not only grasp the pulse of the times, but also deeply criticize and question the spiritual fate of intellectuals, which is why, The significance of these two family works is not only recorded in historical books, but also of great significance in the history of human spirit. This paper compares the two works from several aspects. The paper is divided into four chapters. First of all, the introduction summarizes the similarities and differences in the evolution of the Sino-Russian family system and the background of the two works, and puts forward the significance and value of the research. In the comparison of the patriarchal clan system in China and the collective consciousness in the early Russian village community system, the differences of national psychology between China and Russia are expounded. In this paper, the significance and value of the review, compared with previous research results, the establishment of this paper new. The second chapter compares the similarities and differences of the two families in the works, through the comparison between the conventional family and the accidental family, expounds the value significance of the two writers' different topics, and analyzes the images of the elder-father and the mother in the works. As the meaning of "father" wanes, the original family system collapses completely. The third chapter begins to explore how children seek spiritual conversion in the face of "losing their father" after the decline of the family. This chapter, which is divided into two parts, explores the different choices of children facing loss of home: a quiet conversion to tradition, a search for the father of the spirit, or an almost frenzied search for salvation in the wilderness, in a grain of wheat? This chapter mainly analyzes how the two writers use their cruel strokes to show us the painful spiritual world of the protagonists. The fourth chapter of the thesis is of general significance, which explains the two writers' thinking about the intellectual's belonging after leaving the family. Both writers see that the only way out is for intellectuals to go to the people. This also reflects the great ideological significance of the two works and the way out for the human spirit to be excavated in the course of human torture. Despite the inexplicable depth of complexity of this thesis, both writers have made almost painful and anxious discussions.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I106.4;I0-03

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