回望失落的精神家园：神话—原型视阈中的文学翻译研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 16:51

本文选题：神话 + 原型　；参考：《南开大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 目前,译界在对“文化转向”和“解构范式”的反思之后,提出了回归本体、回归语言的呼吁,对于文学翻译研究而言,还要回归文学性。在这种回归的过程中,本研究将视角投向了语言和文学的本源——神话,试图将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究,通过回归本源、结构、共性和整体,在解构主义范式走入困境之后,为译学研究提供的一种新的建构策略。本研究是一项多学科的理论建构,有助于恢复译界对语言和文学的神性起源的崇拜,认识到差异中的共性和分裂中的秩序;通过关注文学翻译中的诗意性和身体感受,在目前过分张扬理性的译学传统和语境下,凸显文学翻译中的无意识成分,尤其对具有神话-原型特质的隐喻性文学作品的翻译批评具有一定的启示意义。本文主要遵循学源追溯—合理性论证—基本理论问题研究—翻译批评方法建构—典型译作评析的研究思路,形成由远及近、由理论向实践转化和落实的研究路径。神话和原型因其内在的紧密联系常常被相提并论,神话是原型的语言载体,原型是神话故事中稳定性成分的凝结,许多对原型的认识本身就是神话研究的成果。由于是将译界一直较少关注的神话.原型理论嫁接到文学翻译研究的初步探索,文章第一章对神话和原型的研究史做了一番简要的回顾与梳理,为后续的翻译理论研究提供必要的知识储备和理论铺垫。除了回顾已有学术成果的要点之外,本章也初步总结了翻译界目前与神话-原型理论相关的一些隐性研究,作为后文理论建构的基础和参照。在理清相关学源之后,第二章从哲学、语言、文学和文化四个方面为将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究提供了合理性论证。本章首先肯定了卡西尔通过引入神话思维重新确立了人文学科及其认识论基础的学术贡献;其次,阐述了弗莱关于语言的起源和演化与神话有着割舍不断的牵连的思想;再次,重申了弗莱的观点,即文学是置换变形的神话,文学创作是原型的置换变形;最后,强调神话是一种文化模式,认为这使得神话-原型理论的引入与当前译学研究的文化大潮相契合。在论证了引入神话-原型理论的合理性之后,文章的第三、四、五章探讨了文学翻译研究中的三个基本理论问题,包括文学翻译的可译性、文学翻译的本质及译者的精神结构。关于这些问题已有不少研究成果,本文以神话-原型理论为新的观照视阈和理论依据重新阐释这些问题,其中可译性试图回答文学翻译以何存在的问题,本质研究回答文学翻译如何存在的问题,而译者的精神结构回答文学翻译因何存在的问题。这一部分也是本研究力争在文学翻译理论研究中有所突破的地方。第三章在论述文学作品的可译性时,依据原型的稳定性特征,在弗莱对原型具体形态描述的基础上,将原型具体化为主题、结构、意象和语言四个文学作品要素。研究认为,1)初级关怀神话为文学作品的主题提供了可译性;2)结构主义关于民间故事叙事形态及其叙事语法的研究为文学作品深层叙事结构的可译性提供了依据;3)隐喻性文学作品最深层的原型意象体系使不同文化语境下的作品回归共同的本源,并使同一文化语境下的作品之间跨越时空而组合为一个依据一定传统前后延续的整体;4)本章还以本雅明的“纯语言”、弗洛姆的“象征语言”和利明的“神话语言”作为文学语言的理论原型,对文学语言的可译性展开了论证。就翻译的本质而言,第四章遵循从起源考察事物本质的思路,基于文学是神话或隐喻思维的产物以及翻译语言转换的普遍本质,尝试将文学翻译的本质界定为一种创造诗性隐喻的艺术。本章具体从词源考证、更新创造、求同存异、部分提取、身体在场和生存体验六个方面对文学翻译和诗性隐喻做了类比研究,突出了文学翻译的创造性、多义性、体验性和生存本体论意义。这些都是隐喻本质属性的表现,也保留了原始隐喻(神话)思维的痕迹。在引入神话-原型视阈之后,第五章从集体无意识、社会无意识和个人无意识三个层面论述了译者的精神结构。研究认为,具备神话-原型特质的文学作品指向人类的集体无意识深处,这些作品的翻译因此成为一个民族重要的精神诊疗手段。由于神话内在的文化和政治功用,文学翻译成为压制社会成员的意识形态、塑造社会记忆和书写国家神话的符号行为。本章借鉴弗洛姆的社会无意识理论以及心理学中的认同理论,重新阐释了归化和异化的策略选择,认为归化翻译体现了一个民族集体的精神自恋,是一种逃避自由的虚假认同,而异化翻译释放了原本在译入语文化中被压制的无意识成分,以“异化的语言”来对抗语言的异化,是译者对原本充满爱欲的拥抱,达到了主客体同一的隐喻式体验状态。将个人无意识理论引入之后,本章拓宽了翻译的概念内涵,并发现了文学翻译与精神诊疗之间的相似性。翻译批评从某种意义上说是翻译理论向实践转化的中介,在探讨了基本理论问题之后,第六章将弗莱提出的文学的“后视”批评法引入文学翻译批评研究,获得了文学翻译批评中的层次意识、文类意识和互文意识。层次的意识就是从语言符号、多层意义、文本结构和原型模式四个层面展开对译作的评价,强调把前后相继的水平换喻式文本结构解读为向纵深挺进的垂直隐喻式结构。文类意识在文学翻译批评中具有基础地位,不仅为译者提供了书面表达的规范,也为翻译批评者提供了“期待视域”,是其接受和批评译作的起点,并且文类的差异、混杂和界定要素对于文学翻译批评具有重要意义。已有的翻译批评都立足于文本的空间维度,引入原型因素后增加了时间维度,产生了翻译批评的互文视角,其中,译本链、文学传统和文化语境在文学翻译批评的互文意识中发挥主导作用。第七章按照第六章建构起来的文学翻译批评的“后视”法,选取两部具有神话-原型特质的隐喻性文学作品的译本予以评价,包括艾略特的诗歌《荒原》的多个中译本和吴承恩的小说《西游记》的余国藩英文全译本。评价过程有意识地贯穿了层次意识、文类意识和互文意识,试图通过对具体译作的评析,证明本文提出的翻译批评体系具有一定的实践转化能力。总之,本研究是将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究的初步探索,在吸取结构主义强调共性与解构主义的批判精神和互文意识等合理性成分的同时也有意识地避免了其中的一些弊端,因此本研究既能与当前译学研究的“文化转向”大潮合流,又能纠正文化范式对文学翻译本体的偏离,使文学翻译研究向着文学性回归。与此同时,本研究展现了当代文化与古老文化传统之间的承继关系,凸显了翻译过程中的无意识层面,强调了文学翻译批评的层次意识。作为一次跨学科理论建构的尝试,本研究期待能有助于译界对文学翻译的新认识。
[Abstract]:At present, after reflection on the "cultural turn" and "deconstruction paradigm", the translation circle has put forward the call for returning to the noumenon and returning to the language. For literary translation studies, it should return to literature. In the process of this return, this study focuses on the origin of language and Literature, the myth, trying to introduce Mythology Prototype Theory into the process. Literary translation studies provide a new strategy for translation studies after returning to the predicament of deconstruction paradigm by returning to the source, structure, universality and entirety.
This study is a theoretical construction of multidisciplinary, which helps to restore the worship of the divine origin of language and literature in the translation field, recognizes the generality of the differences and the order in the split. By paying attention to the poetic and physical feelings in the literary translation, the unconsciousness of literary translation is highlighted in the current overly exaggerated and rational translation tradition and context. The composition, especially to the translation criticism of the metaphorical literary works with mythological archetype, is mainly based on the study of the traceability of the source, the research of the basic theory, the construction of the method of translation criticism - the study of the evaluation of the typical translation, which is transformed from theory to practice and from theory to practice. The path of research.
Mythology and archetype are often compared because of their inner close ties. Mythology is the language carrier of archetype. The prototype is the condensation of the stability elements in mythology. Many of the knowledge of the prototype itself is the result of the study of mythology. In the first chapter, a brief review and combing of the history of the study of mythology and archetype is made, and the necessary knowledge reserves and theoretical paving for subsequent translation theory research are provided. In addition to reviewing the main points of the existing academic achievements, this chapter also preliminarily sums up some recessive studies related to the mythological prototype theory in the translation circle. The basis and reference for the construction of the later theory.
After clarifying the relevant sources, the second chapter provides a reasonable demonstration of the introduction of the myth prototype theory into the study of literary translation from four aspects of philosophy, language, literature and culture. This chapter first affirms the academic contribution of Cahill to reestablish the humanities and its epistemological basis through the introduction of mythological thinking. Secondly, it expounds the fry Guan. The origin and evolution of language and the evolution of the myth have the thought of continuous implications. Again, reaffirms Frye's view that literature is the myth of displacement and the displacement of the prototype. Finally, the emphasis on mythology is a cultural pattern, which makes the introduction of the myth prototype theory and the cultural tide of the current study of translation studies. Fit.
After demonstrating the rationality of the introduction of the myth archetype theory, the third, fourth and five chapters of the article discuss the three basic theoretical problems in the study of literary translation, including the translatability of literary translation, the essence of literary translation and the spiritual structure of the translator. In view of the visual threshold and the theoretical basis, these questions are reinterpreted, in which translatability attempts to answer the question of the existence of literary translation, the essence of the question of how to answer the question of how literary translation exists, and the question of how the translator's spiritual structure answers the question of the existence of literary translation. A place to break through.
The third chapter discusses the translatability of literary works. Based on the stability characteristics of the prototype, on the basis of Frye's specific description of the prototype, the prototype is concretely translated into four literary works of theme, structure, image and language. The study holds that 1) the primary concern myth provides translatability for the theme of the literary works; 2) structuralism The study of narrative form and narrative grammar of folklore provides a basis for the translatability of the deep narrative structure of literary works; 3) the deepest prototype image system of metaphorical literary works makes the works of different cultural contexts return to the common origin and combine the works of the same cultural context as a basis for the span of time and space. 4) this chapter also demonstrates the translatability of literary language by Walter Benjamin's "pure language", Fromm's "symbolic language" and the "mythological language" of Li Ming as the theoretical prototype of the literary language.
As far as the essence of translation is concerned, the fourth chapter follows the idea of examining the essence of things from origin. Based on literature is the product of mythology or metaphorical thinking and the universal essence of translation of language, it tries to define the essence of literary translation as an art of creating poetic metaphor. This chapter is specific from etymology examination, renewal creation, seeking common ground and saving differences. The analogy of literary translation and poetic metaphor is studied in six aspects: literary translation and poetic metaphor, which highlights the creative, polysemous, experiential and Ontological Meanings of literary translation. These are both the manifestation of the essential attributes of metaphor and the traces of the primitive metaphor (mythology).
After the introduction of mythological prototype, the fifth chapter discusses the spiritual structure of the translator from three aspects of collective unconsciousness, social unconsciousness and personal unconsciousness. The study holds that the literary works with mythological and archetype traits point to the collective unconscious of human beings, and the translation of these works becomes an important spiritual diagnostic hand of a nation. As a result of the cultural and political functions inherent in mythology, literary translation becomes the ideology of suppressing social members, shaping social memory and writing the symbolic behavior of national mythology. This chapter reinterprets the strategic choice of naturalization and alienation by referring to Fromm's theory of social unconsciousness and the theory of identity in psychology, and considers naturalization translation It embodies the spiritual narcissism of a national collective, which is a false identity of escaping freedom, and the alienation translation releases the unconscious components that were suppressed in the culture of the translated language, and the alienation of the language in the "alienated language" is the translator's embrace of the original love and the same metaphorical experience of the subject and the guest. After introducing the theory of personal unconscious, this chapter broadens the concept of translation and finds the similarity between literary translation and psychotherapy.
In a sense, translation criticism is the medium of translation theory to practice. After discussing the basic theoretical problems, the sixth chapter introduces the "afterview" criticism method put forward by Frye to the study of literary translation criticism, and obtains the level consciousness, literary consciousness and intertextuality consciousness in the literary translation criticism. The consciousness of the level is from the language. The evaluation of the translated works is carried out in the four aspects of the word symbol, the multi-layer meaning, the text structure and the prototype model. It emphasizes the interpretation of the horizontal metonymy structure in succession to the vertical metaphorical structure to the depth of the translation. The translation critics provide the "expectation horizon", which is the starting point of accepting and criticizing the translation, and the differences, confounding and defining elements of the text are of great significance to literary translation criticism. Among them, the translation chain, literary tradition and cultural context play a leading role in intertextual awareness of literary translation criticism.
The seventh chapter, according to the "post view" method of literary translation criticism constructed in the sixth chapter, evaluates the translation of two metaphorical literary works with mythological archetypal features, including Eliot's poetry, the many Chinese versions of the wilderness and Wu Chengen's novel < the journey to the West >. The level consciousness, the category consciousness and the intertextuality consciousness, try to prove that the translation criticism system proposed in this paper has certain practical transformation ability through the evaluation of the specific translation.
In a word, this study is a preliminary exploration of the introduction of Mythology Prototype Theory into the study of literary translation. It has also consciously avoided some of the drawbacks of the theory of structuralism emphasizing the generality, the critical spirit of deconstructionism and the intertextuality consciousness and so on. Therefore, this study can not only be with the "cultural turn" of the current study of translation studies. At the same time, this study shows the inheriting relationship between the contemporary culture and the ancient cultural tradition, and highlights the unconscious level in the process of translation and emphasizes the hierarchical consciousness of literary translation criticism as a cross study. This study is expected to contribute to the new understanding of literary translation.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I046;H059

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