论平衡观念对瑞恰兹文艺思想的影响
发布时间：2018-08-06 09:44
【摘要】：艾弗·阿姆斯特朗·瑞恰兹(Ivor Armstrong Richards,1893-1979)是20世纪英国文学批评家和理论家,被誉为“现代批评理论之父”。瑞恰兹提出了一系列理论主张,涉及语言学、心理学、文艺学及美学等众多领域。针对19、20世纪诉诸情感的印象式批评与注重外部因素的社会文化批评在英国风靡一时的现象,他有意识地引入心理学与语义学,力图以这种“科学化”特色来纠正当时文艺批评笼统与零碎的弊病。同时,身处由玄秘的世界观向科学的世界观过渡的“自然之中和”时期,他充分认识到诗歌的情感功能可以克服科学过度发展带来的社会与心灵问题,进而将人类的未来寄托于诗歌救赎功能的实现。着眼于西方社会现实,瑞恰兹将目光转向中国,以之为心中的理想国,提出以吸收具有包容性的中国文化传统和具有含混性的中国思维模式来解决西方社会的混乱,自觉承担起中西文化交流的使命。从现实出发,以人类的心灵向何处去为根基,瑞恰兹发展出带有深刻的平衡印记的文艺思想。论文分为以下几个部分:绪论。学界主要从瑞恰兹文艺理论的整体框架、某一重要方面及与中国文化(以中庸思想为代表)的交流、联系三个层面展开研究。以瑞恰兹的理论为基础,平衡观念指主体通过发挥所有的官能维持一种统一的意识/思想状态,以动态的平衡为特征。一、平衡观念对瑞恰兹产生影响的原因。西方哲学传统追求整体与统一的有机主义观念,中国文化传统强调平衡与和谐的中庸思想,为这一影响提供了外在条件。在人生与学术历程中,瑞恰兹曾学习文学、史学、哲学、心理学等多学科知识,形成了包容宏博的视野,为这种影响找到了直接的体现方式。二、平衡观念对瑞恰兹文艺理论的影响。这种影响主要体现为四个方面:一是文学价值理论,包括统筹内在价值与隐晦价值的总体性价值理论与追求冲动的平衡与调和的心理学价值理论。二是文学交流理论,以共同经验为基础,作家与读者以文本为媒介进行好的经验的交流。三是诗歌功能理论,指诗歌通过情感性语言、情感信仰与想象力平衡科学导致的危机,救赎人类的精神。四是语义美学理论,认为美是在调解所有冲动基础上的平衡状态(即综感)。三、平衡观念对瑞恰兹批评方法的影响。瑞恰兹既追求文学理论的建构,又强调批评方法的实践。文本细读法,强调以文学文本为本体,对语言的四重意义进行综合考察。语义三角法,从语词、思想与事物三位一体的整体探讨语言意义。多重定义法,通过列表分析关键术语、揭示相互联系的方式实现中西交流与平衡。四、平衡观念对瑞恰兹之后的文艺理论的影响。在平衡观念影响下的瑞恰兹提出了“包容诗”、文本细读等思想,直接启发了英美新批评理论家们提出带有鲜明平衡特色的“张力”、“悖论”、“反讽”、“隐喻”等概念。同时,瑞恰兹多次来访中国,其对文艺思想的阐发影响了当时许多学者。他们提出了独特鲜明的理论主张,如钱钟书提出“阐释之循环”,朱自清用语言的四重意义进行中国文评的述略,叶公超用经验串联起文学活动中作者、作品与读者三大要素等。结语。平衡观念在瑞恰兹文艺思想中的地位及评价。纵观整体,平衡观念如同方法论一样指导着瑞恰兹的文艺思想,如同核心一样贯穿着各个方面,既包括宏观上的中西交流与微观上的人生追求,也涵盖文艺思想的缘起与内容,呈现出瑞恰兹文艺思想最为鲜明的特色。
[Abstract]:Ivor Armstrong Richards (Ivor Armstrong Richards, 1893-1979), a British literary critic and theorist in the twentieth Century, was praised as "the father of modern critical theory". Reaczi proposed a series of theoretical claims involving many fields, such as linguistics, psychology, literature and art, and aesthetics. The impressions of appeal to emotion in the 19,20 Century To comment on the phenomenon of sociocculval criticism which pays attention to external factors in Britain, he consciously introduces psychology and semantics to correct the general and fragmentary maladies of literary criticism at that time. At the same time, he is in the period of "natural neutralization" in the transition from the mysterious world view to the world view of science. He fully realized that the emotional function of poetry could overcome the social and mental problems brought by the excessive development of science, and then put the future of mankind on the realization of the function of redemption of poetry. In order to solve the confusion of Western society and consciously assume the mission of cultural exchange between the West and the west, the thesis is divided into the following parts: introduction. The thesis is divided into the following parts: the academic circles mainly from the Richards literature and art. The overall framework of the theory, an important aspect and the communication with Chinese culture (represented by the doctrine of the mean), contact three levels to carry out a study. Based on the theory of rechzi, the concept of balance means that the subject can maintain a unified consciousness / thought state by playing all the functions and maintain a dynamic balance. The western philosophy tradition seeks the organic concept of the whole and the unity, and the Chinese cultural tradition emphasizes the mediocre thought of balance and harmony, and provides external conditions for this influence. In the course of life and academic history, rearzzi has learned the multidisciplinary knowledge of literature, history, philosophy, psychology and so on. Two, the influence of the concept of balance on the literary theory of Richards, which is mainly embodied in four aspects: one is the theory of literary value, including the overall value theory of the overall internal value and the obscure value, and the balance and harmonization of the pursuit of impulse and the theory of psychological value. Two is the article. The theory of learning communication, based on common experience, and the exchange of good experience between writers and readers with text as the medium. Three is the poetic function theory, which refers to the crisis caused by the balance of Science in the poetry through emotional language, emotional belief and imagination. The four is the semantic aesthetic theory, which is based on the mediation of all impulses. The balance state (i. e. synthesis). Three, the influence of the concept of balance on the critic method of Richards. The multi definition method, the multiple definition method, through the list analysis key terms, reveals the interrelated way to realize the exchange and balance between China and the West. Four, the balance concept has the influence on the literary theory after Richards. Under the influence of the balance concept, Richards put forward the "inclusive poetry", the literary reading and so on, which directly inspired the new criticism of the British and American criticism. They put forward the concepts of "tension", "paradox", "irony" and "metaphor" with distinctive and balanced characteristics. At the same time, Richards visited China many times, and influenced many scholars at that time. They put forward unique and distinctive theoretical ideas, such as Qian Zhongshu put forward "the circle of interpretation", and Zhu Ziqing used language. The four significance of the Chinese literary criticism is a summary of the Chinese literary criticism, the author, the works and the reader's three main elements are connected in tandem with the experience of the literature. Conclusion. The status and evaluation of the balance concept in the literary thought of reharzi. On the other hand, it includes both the macro Chinese and western communication and the microcosmic pursuit of life, but also the origin and content of literary thought, showing the most distinctive features of the literary thought of Richards.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0
本文编号：2167340
[Abstract]:Ivor Armstrong Richards (Ivor Armstrong Richards, 1893-1979), a British literary critic and theorist in the twentieth Century, was praised as "the father of modern critical theory". Reaczi proposed a series of theoretical claims involving many fields, such as linguistics, psychology, literature and art, and aesthetics. The impressions of appeal to emotion in the 19,20 Century To comment on the phenomenon of sociocculval criticism which pays attention to external factors in Britain, he consciously introduces psychology and semantics to correct the general and fragmentary maladies of literary criticism at that time. At the same time, he is in the period of "natural neutralization" in the transition from the mysterious world view to the world view of science. He fully realized that the emotional function of poetry could overcome the social and mental problems brought by the excessive development of science, and then put the future of mankind on the realization of the function of redemption of poetry. In order to solve the confusion of Western society and consciously assume the mission of cultural exchange between the West and the west, the thesis is divided into the following parts: introduction. The thesis is divided into the following parts: the academic circles mainly from the Richards literature and art. The overall framework of the theory, an important aspect and the communication with Chinese culture (represented by the doctrine of the mean), contact three levels to carry out a study. Based on the theory of rechzi, the concept of balance means that the subject can maintain a unified consciousness / thought state by playing all the functions and maintain a dynamic balance. The western philosophy tradition seeks the organic concept of the whole and the unity, and the Chinese cultural tradition emphasizes the mediocre thought of balance and harmony, and provides external conditions for this influence. In the course of life and academic history, rearzzi has learned the multidisciplinary knowledge of literature, history, philosophy, psychology and so on. Two, the influence of the concept of balance on the literary theory of Richards, which is mainly embodied in four aspects: one is the theory of literary value, including the overall value theory of the overall internal value and the obscure value, and the balance and harmonization of the pursuit of impulse and the theory of psychological value. Two is the article. The theory of learning communication, based on common experience, and the exchange of good experience between writers and readers with text as the medium. Three is the poetic function theory, which refers to the crisis caused by the balance of Science in the poetry through emotional language, emotional belief and imagination. The four is the semantic aesthetic theory, which is based on the mediation of all impulses. The balance state (i. e. synthesis). Three, the influence of the concept of balance on the critic method of Richards. The multi definition method, the multiple definition method, through the list analysis key terms, reveals the interrelated way to realize the exchange and balance between China and the West. Four, the balance concept has the influence on the literary theory after Richards. Under the influence of the balance concept, Richards put forward the "inclusive poetry", the literary reading and so on, which directly inspired the new criticism of the British and American criticism. They put forward the concepts of "tension", "paradox", "irony" and "metaphor" with distinctive and balanced characteristics. At the same time, Richards visited China many times, and influenced many scholars at that time. They put forward unique and distinctive theoretical ideas, such as Qian Zhongshu put forward "the circle of interpretation", and Zhu Ziqing used language. The four significance of the Chinese literary criticism is a summary of the Chinese literary criticism, the author, the works and the reader's three main elements are connected in tandem with the experience of the literature. Conclusion. The status and evaluation of the balance concept in the literary thought of reharzi. On the other hand, it includes both the macro Chinese and western communication and the microcosmic pursuit of life, but also the origin and content of literary thought, showing the most distinctive features of the literary thought of Richards.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I0
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