《骆驼祥子》法译本中的文化补偿现象研究

发布时间：2019-02-25 09:52

【摘要】： 翻译中的文化缺省现象是指作品中作者与其目标读者所共享的文化背景知识的缺省。在创作时,作者有意留下一些文化和语义空白,一方面可以缩短篇幅,达到简洁的目的,另一方面,也给读者提供一个想象的空间,让读者在探索文学意境的同时,可以积极地参与到作品中去。目标读者通过激发脑海中已存储的文化背景知识来填充原作品中文化缺省留下的空位,获得连贯的理解,进而欣赏到作品的美学价值。但当我们将一部作品介绍到国外时,目标读者已不在原作者的意向读者之列,两国文化背景之间的差异导致目标读者在阅读中没有相应的背景知识来填充原有的文化及语义空位,很难获得连贯的理解,对揣摩作者的写作意图也造成影响。因此对于译者而言,如何准确而又恰当地填补这些文化和语义上的空白,将是一项艰巨的任务。本文通过分析语料《骆驼祥子》的法文译本,对文化缺省现象进行了系统的研究。研究方法如下:首先,作者从跨文化角度出发,分析《骆驼祥子》在二十世纪六七十年代的法国取得巨大成功的原因。作者通过对比当时中法两国各自的历史背景,总结出在不同的历史阶段,读者都会有不同的“心理期待”,只有迎合了读者特定时期的特定心理期待的作品,才有可能唤起人们心中的共鸣,也才有可能被广大异国读者所接受。接下来,作者从翻译角度出发,研究翻译质量对于作品在目标语国家传播的影响。作者将重点转移到译本上来,对译本中文化缺省的形成、分类及各项功能进行剖析,分析并列出由于文化缺省而引发的翻译问题,指出文化缺省的翻译问题主要来自于两个方面:一是译者水平有限,没有及时发现并填补这些由于文化背景不同造成的语义空白,从而给异国读者阅读本国作品带来不便;二是由于由于译者对于目标读者的文化接受能力和水平估计不当从而导致过度或者欠额翻译。作者认为,要想解决这些翻译问题,译者必须具备端正的翻译态度和优秀的跨文化语言交际能力。最后,作者分析《骆驼祥子》法文译本中出现的文化及语义缺省实例,探讨了文化缺省翻译的补偿方法,将文化缺省的补偿方法归纳为以下三个层次,即:文化移植,文化注解,文化省略,并且指出文化移植是文化补偿的最终趋势,文化缺省的翻译应该走从文化省略到文化注解,然后达到文化移植这样一条道路。译者应该具备这样的动态眼光,以便更好地发挥翻译的文化功能,促进两国间的跨文化交流。
[Abstract]:Cultural default in translation refers to the default of cultural background knowledge shared by the author and the target reader. In writing, the author intentionally leaves some cultural and semantic gaps. On the one hand, he can shorten the length and achieve the purpose of simplicity. On the other hand, he can also provide the reader with an imaginary space to explore the literary artistic conception at the same time. Can be actively involved in the work. By arousing the cultural background knowledge stored in the mind, the target reader fills in the space left by the cultural default in the original work, obtains a coherent understanding, and then appreciates the aesthetic value of the work. But when we introduce a work to a foreign country, the target reader is no longer among the intended readers of the original author. The differences between the cultural backgrounds of the two countries result in the target readers not having the corresponding background knowledge to fill the original cultural and semantic gaps in their reading, and it is difficult to obtain a coherent understanding, which also has an impact on the interpretation of the author's writing intention. Therefore, how to fill these cultural and semantic gaps accurately and appropriately will be a difficult task for translators. Based on the analysis of the French translation of Locke Hump Xiangzi, this paper makes a systematic study of the cultural default phenomenon. The research methods are as follows: firstly, the author analyzes the reasons for the great success of camel in France in the 1960s and 1970s from the perspective of cross-culture. By comparing the historical backgrounds of China and France at that time, the author concludes that at different historical stages, readers will have different "psychological expectations", only works that cater to the specific psychological expectations of the readers in a specific period. It is possible to arouse the resonance of people's hearts, and to be accepted by the vast number of foreign readers. Then, from the perspective of translation, the author studies the impact of translation quality on the dissemination of works in the target country. The author shifts the emphasis to the translation, analyzes the formation, classification and various functions of cultural default in the translation, analyzes and lists the translation problems caused by the cultural default. It is pointed out that the translation problems of cultural default mainly come from two aspects: first, the translator's level is limited and the semantic blanks caused by different cultural backgrounds are not found and filled in time, which makes it inconvenient for foreign readers to read their own works; Second, due to the improper estimation of the target readers' cultural receptivity and level, the translator leads to excessive or inadequate translation. The author believes that to solve these translation problems, the translator must have a correct translation attitude and excellent intercultural communicative competence. Finally, the author analyzes the examples of cultural and semantic default in the French translation of Locke Hump Xiangzi, probes into the compensation method of cultural default translation, and concludes the compensation method of cultural default into the following three levels: culture transplantation. It is pointed out that cultural transplantation is the ultimate trend of cultural compensation. The translation of cultural default should go from culture-ellipsis to culture-annotation, and then to cultural transplantation. Translators should have such a dynamic vision in order to better play the cultural function of translation and promote cross-cultural exchanges between the two countries.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I046;H32

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