《了不起的盖茨比》新历史主义分析

发布时间：2018-01-12 05:28

本文关键词：《了不起的盖茨比》新历史主义分析　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德(1986-1940)是二十世纪二十年代美国杰出的小说家之一,也是爵士乐时代重要的代表人物。兼为爵士乐时代的局内人和局外人,菲茨杰拉德尽情享受了这一时代的物质财富、放荡生活和各色诱惑,同时又洞察到这个社会的腐朽本质,冷眼旁观其同时代人的生活。《了不起的盖茨比》虽然被认为是二十世纪英语名著之一,但是它起初并不引人注目。出版初期的销售量和报刊评论都不是很理想。直到三十年代,尤其是菲茨杰拉德死后,其销售量才开始稳步上升。如今,它每年的销售量都有近百万册,同时也激发了大量的关于菲茨杰拉德和《了不起的盖茨比》这部小说的理论研究和讨论,甚至连续有三个不同的《了不起的盖茨比》电影版本出现。说到这部小说的强烈而持久的吸引力,一些评论家认为是来自菲茨杰拉德超群的小说描写技艺使然,而另一些评论家则从历史文化角度探讨其长久不衰的魅力。本论文试图从一个更新的文学理论和历史文化研究角度——新历史主义角度来研究《了不起的盖茨比》这部美国文学著作。本论文写作分为如下几个部分：首先在引言部分,论文简要介绍了作家菲茨杰拉德和作品《了不起的盖茨比》,并探讨了这部小说的国内外研究趋势和基本状况。在第一章至第三章的论文主体部分,论文按照“理论-文本分析”的结构,从新历史主义理论出发,根据新历史主义的两大核心概念——历史的文本性和文本的历史性,对《了不起的盖茨比》作了详细的解读。第一章首先简述了新历史主义这一理论框架及其背景,为接下来的文本分析做理论准备。本章还就这一理论的发展背景,以及新旧历史主义中“历史”的不同内涵进行了比较研究。本章最后讨论了新历史主义的两位主要代表：一位是该文学理论的创始人史蒂芬·格林布拉特,另一位是提出新历史主义核心概念(历史的文本性和文本的历史性)的路易丝·阿德安·蒙特罗斯。第二章在历史的文本性这一理论概念引导下,探索这部小说中的真实历史事件,并阐释了这些历史事件背后的深层含义。新历史主义理论认为文本记录了历史,并成为我们了解过去的一个窗口,但是由于每个历史记录者兴趣、意识形态和认知力不同,文学文本又不可避免的掺杂了主观性。本章写作选取了其中两件历史事件,并根据新历史主义理论解读这背后的意义：一是富勒-麦吉案件,它揭露了神秘财富的来源,并牵扯出了一个涉及多领域的庞大腐败网络；二是菲茨杰拉德与金妮维亚之见的爱情故事,展现了那个时代的人们是如何以追求金钱及物质享受作为人生目标而导致的悲剧结局的。论文第三章从文本的历史性这一角度出发,探究了《了不起的盖茨比》这部作品的外部因素,以及它对社会和历史的发展所产生的影响。新历史主义认为,文学文本会受到社会历史背景以及作者性格、意识形态和道德规范的影响,同时文本也有塑造历史的力量。论文指出,二十世纪二十年代,社会经历了迅速的变化,菲茨杰拉德的特殊家庭背景也在他身上留下的印记,在文学创作方面,他受到了艾略特、斯宾格勒等作家的影响。这些特点在《了不起的盖茨比》中有所体现,作为二十世纪二十年代的一部伟大作品,《了不起的盖茨比》对社会发展也产生了深刻的影响。论文的最后结论部分整体回顾了这篇论文,并重点介绍了论文的现实意义和写作价值。根据新历史主义理论,文学研究和批评不仅会受到文本创作的社会历史背景的影响,还会受到文学研究评论的社会历史背景的影响。因此,新历史主义鼓励不同时代背景下的持续性文学研究。当今中国社会在某些方面与爵士乐时代十分相似。作为一种理论研究方法,新历史主义提供了一个独特的研究历史与文本关系的视角。因此,本论文试图从新历史主义角度分析《了不起的盖茨比》,旨在以作品主人翁错误的人生追求导致的人生悲剧的教训警示世人,帮助人们树立正确的人生观价值观。
[Abstract]:F Scott Fitzgerald (1986-1940) is one of the outstanding American novelist in the 1920s, is also the important representative figure of the jazz age. And for the Jazz Age insiders and outsiders, Fitzgerald enjoy the era of material wealth, debauchery and temptations, and insight into the corruptive nature of the society, even his contemporaries life.
"The great Gatsby" although considered one of the twentieth Century English masterpiece, but it was not noticeable. Publishing and press early sales are not very ideal. Until 30s, especially after the death of Fitzgerald, its sales began to rise steadily. Now, it has annual sales of nearly one million, but also to stimulate the the number of the novel Fitzgerald and the great Gatsby < > theory research and discussion, there are even three different "great Gatsby > movie version of the novel. When it comes to strong and lasting appeal, some critics from Fitzgerald's excellent novel art dictates, while other critics from the perspective of history and culture to explore its enduring charm. This thesis attempts from an update of the literary theory and the historical and cultural research Angle - a new historicist perspective to study the great Gatsby works in American literature.
The writing of this thesis is divided into the following parts:
First, in the introduction part, the paper briefly introduces the writer Fitzgerald and his work, the great Gatsby, and explores the research trend and basic situation of the novel at home and abroad.
In the first chapter to the third chapter of the main part of the thesis, according to the structure of "theory text analysis", from the perspective of new historicism, according to a new historical two core concepts: the history of the text and text of history, the "great Gatsby > explained in detail.
The first chapter briefly introduces the theoretical framework of New Historicism and its background, to make theoretical preparation for the next text analysis. The chapter on the development background of this theory, and the old and New Historicism in the different connotations of "history" were studied. Finally this chapter discusses two main representative of New Historicism A: Stephen Greenblatt is the founder of this literary theory, the other is a proposed core concepts of New Historicism (historical text and text of the history of Louise Adrian Montrose).
In the second chapter, the textuality of history under the guidance of this novel in the real historical events, and explains the deep meaning behind these historical events. New Historicism theory believes that the text record history, and become a window for us to know about the past, but because each historical record of interest, ideology and cognition, literary text is inevitably involved with subjectivity. This thesis selects two pieces of historical events, and according to the theory of New Historicism interpretation of the meaning behind it: one is the Fuller McGee case, it reveals the mysterious source of wealth, and throws up a huge network of corruption involving the field is two; Fitzgerald and Kim Vida Asia see love story, to show how people of that time in the pursuit of money and material enjoyment and lead as a goal of life tragedy The end of the play.
In the third chapter, from the angle of historical text, explores the external factors of the great Gatsby < > this work, and its impact on the social and historical development. New Historicism holds that literary texts will be influenced by social historical background and character of the writer, the ideology and the influence of moral norms, at the same time the text also has the power to shape history. The paper pointed out that in 1920s, the society has experienced rapid changes, Fitzgerald's special family background left in him mark in literary creation, he was Eliot, Spengler and other writers. The influence of these characteristics embodied in the "great Gatsby", as a works in 1920s, "the great Gatsby > on social development has had a profound impact.
The final conclusion part of the whole review of this thesis, and introduces the practical significance and value of writing. According to the theory of new historicism, influence of literary research and criticism not only by text creation of the social and historical background, is also affected by the review literature research historical and social background. Therefore, persistent literature research the different background of encouraging new historicism. In some respects, and today is very similar to the Jazz Age China society. As a theoretical research methods, New Historicism provides a unique view of history and text. Therefore, this thesis attempts to analyze the "great Gatsby" from the perspective of new historicism, warning the world aims to master lessons works wrong in pursuit of life tragedy, to help people establish a correct outlook on life and values.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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