奥德修斯的自我回归之路

发布时间：2018-01-13 11:52

本文关键词：奥德修斯的自我回归之路　出处：《西南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对《奥德赛》“漂泊”主题的研究,一直是荷马研究的重点。而从哲学和政治学的角度研究《奥德赛》为重新认识《奥德赛》及其背后的时代背景、信仰关系提供了新的路径。论文在古希腊哲学和政治学的框架下,尝试性的探讨奥德修斯回家过程中自我意识的不断发展变化,从而对奥德修斯的回家之旅进行新视角下的研究。论文旨在阐明,《奥德赛》是“黑暗时代”的产物：由于长期的战乱,导致人们信仰的缺失以及道德的丧失。奥德修斯的回家之旅不但是一般意义的回归家园,它既是在于对道德重建和对信仰的重新认识,也是奥德修斯精神的自我回归之旅。论文的绪论部分将从两个层次展开。第一个层次将阐述荷马及其口头叙事传统并扼要的梳理前人对《奥德赛》的研究状况。第二个层次展开论文的立论依据、批评范式以及创新价值。论文的正文部分分为四个章节展开。第一章将梳理奥德修斯所经受的三种苦难：特洛伊战争和回家之后的杀戮是战争的苦难,回家过程中经历的种种阻隔是生存的苦难,而长期的远离家乡灵魂无依的状态是漂泊的苦难。通过对这三种苦难的解析,进一步探究苦难背后的深层意义,以及苦难对奥德修斯自我意识形成的影响。第二章将围绕苦难带给奥德修斯的后果——“愤怒”进行展开。具体由奥德修斯的节制和奥德修斯的愤怒两个部分构成。重点研究奥德修斯在面对强大的自然力和敌对的人势力过于强大时奥德修斯所采取的审慎态度,然而这种审慎不是妥协,而是其智慧的展现,一旦有机会他就会展开进攻,甚至于“愤怒”。这种愤怒已不再是单纯意义上的对求婚人争夺自己王位的愤怒而是源于古希腊英雄对荣誉的一种追寻和对当时人们信仰缺失的”愤怒”。第三章对最能表现奥德修斯特点的智谋进行阐述。奥德修斯的回家之路中既是通过过人的才智克服种种苦难的过程,同时也是不断地在苦难中寻求智慧的过程。苦难使奥德修斯拥有智慧,同时智慧又促使奥德修斯自我意识的形成。第四章是综合考察奥德修斯自我意识的觉醒过程。重点研究奥德修斯自我意识何时开始形成和何时结束。奥德修斯的冥府之行对奥德修斯意义深远,正是奥德修斯的冥府之行开启了奥德修斯自我回归的旅程的序幕。而奥德修斯回到故乡伊塔卡也并不意味着奥德修斯自我意识的完成,只有奥德修斯和父亲完全相认,并最终听从神意的安排和求婚人的家属达成谅解,才意味着奥德修斯自我意识的最终完成。从而得出奥德修斯自我意识的确立就是对道德重建和对信仰的重新认识。结语部分对《奥德赛》的自我回归之路略作评定,同时指出从哲学和古典政治学的视角为重新研究荷马思想提供了一个新的视角。
[Abstract]:The study of the theme of "wandering" in Odyssey has always been the focus of Homer's study, and the study of "Odyssey" from the perspective of philosophy and political science is to re-understand Odyssey and the background of the times behind it. Faith relationship provides a new way. Under the framework of ancient Greek philosophy and politics, this paper tries to explore the continuous development and change of Odysseus' self-consciousness in the process of returning home. The purpose of this study is to clarify that Odysseus is the product of the Dark Ages: because of the long war. Odysseus' journey home is not only a return home in the general sense, but also a new understanding of moral reconstruction and belief. It is also the journey of Odysseus' spiritual self-return. The introduction part of the thesis will be carried out from two levels. The first level will elaborate Homer and his oral narrative tradition and briefly comb the previous research on Odyssey. The second level will develop the theoretical basis of the thesis. Critical paradigm and innovative value. The text of the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter will sort out the three kinds of suffering Odysseus experienced: the Trojan War and the killing after returning home are the suffering of war. Through the analysis of these three kinds of tribulations, we can further explore the deep meaning behind the suffering. And the impact of suffering on the formation of Odysseus' self-consciousness. Chapter two will focus on the consequences of suffering for Odysseus-"anger" It is made up of two parts: the temperance of Odysseus and the anger of Odysseus. The study focuses on Odysseus' prudent behavior in the face of great natural force and the excessive power of adversaries. Degree. This prudence, however, is not a compromise, but a display of wisdom, and he will attack whenever he has the opportunity. Even "anger." this anger is no longer simply anger at the suitor for his throne, but from an ancient Greek hero's quest for honor and anger at the lack of faith at the time. The third chapter elaborates on the ingenuity that best characterizes Odysseus. Odysseus's journey home is a process of overcoming all sorts of suffering through extraordinary intelligence. At the same time, it is the process of constantly seeking wisdom in suffering. Suffering gives Odysseus wisdom. At the same time, wisdom promotes the formation of Odysseus' self consciousness. Chapter 4th is a comprehensive study of the awakening process of Odysseus' self consciousness. The focus is on when Odysseus' self consciousness began to form and when it ended. The trip to Hades meant a lot to Odysseus. It was Odysseus' trip to the underworld that began the journey of Odysseus' self-return, and Odysseus' return to his hometown of Itarka did not mean the completion of Odysseus' self-consciousness. Only Odysseus fully recognized his father and eventually obeyed divine arrangements and reached an understanding with the family of the suitor. It is concluded that the establishment of Odysseus' self-consciousness is the reconstruction of morality and the reunderstanding of faith. In the conclusion part, the author makes a brief evaluation of Odyssey's way of self-regression, and points out that the philosophical and classical political perspectives provide a new perspective for the re-study of Homer's thought.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I545.072

【参考文献】