双声性对话与双合种族意识：《他们眼望上苍》的隐喻表述

发布时间：2018-01-13 19:16

本文关键词：双声性对话与双合种族意识：《他们眼望上苍》的隐喻表述　出处：《云南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿(1903?-1960)是1920年代哈莱姆文艺复兴时期最出色的文人之一。她集民俗学家、人类学家、记者、批评家、小说家等多种头衔于一身。作为1920年至1950年间最多产的美国黑人女作家,赫斯顿发表了四部小说、两部民俗故事集、一部短篇故事集、一部自传、多篇随笔和论文以及多部音乐和剧作品。她发表于1937年的小说《他们眼望上苍》现已被公认为其最出色的作品。该作品也是美国经典文学作品中被研究得最多的小说之一。现如今,国内外学术界大多从以下视角来解读《他》这部作品,比如从女性主义视角来探究女主人公珍妮女性意识的觉醒以及女性身份的建构；从文化人类学视角来探寻文本中美国黑人民俗文化的表征；又或从叙事学角度分析作品的叙事策略和叙事语言。这些研究已从多种不同角度对作品做了深入探讨,但研究焦点基本集中在对主人公文化身份建构、黑人声音的表现与追寻、黑人民俗传统的文本表征的探讨上,对作者的创作意图及其种族观则较少提及。本文的创新之处在于将文本的形式美与其社会历史内涵结合起来,从“社会历史及美学的角度”来探讨作者通过这部小说中所表现出来的创作观和种族哲学。论文根据巴赫金“对话主义”理论、小亨利·路易斯·盖茨的“言说者文本”理论并结合赫斯顿对其种族观的表述,对文本的叙事结构和叙事话语特点做了详细分析。在《他》中,框架叙事结构及人物话语与叙事者话语间的转换融合所体现出的双声性对话是赫斯顿的黑白种族观,即对黑白间平等对话的期许以及其双合种族意识的一种隐喻表述。赫斯顿具有的所谓双合的种族意识是非裔美国人的一种文化身份建构策略。它强调“两重性”,即黑人传统与白人文化在非裔美国人身上所可能体现出的一种共在性；它强调两种种族文化意识之间的对话式的统一性。这种对话式的、开放的种族哲学肯定了非裔美国文化的创造性和包容性,它有助于消解长期以来美国黑人的身份困境。此种困境正如杜波依斯所说是一种矛盾的、不可调和的“双重意识”。它阻碍了非裔美国人与自身、与美国社会的良性互动。赫斯顿这种双合的种族意识是一种积极的、健康的黑白种族观。正如艾莉丝·沃克所评价的：赫斯顿其人及作品包含了一种“种族健康”。文分析了何为“种族健康”及作者如何在《他》中表达这种“种族健康”。希望通过本文,能揭示赫斯顿清晰的种族立场。事实上,赫斯顿不仅是一位出色的作家,她还是一位有责任感,有良知的非裔美国人。她想通过作品来表达其双合种族意识,并努力提升黑人种族在当时对黑人充满敌意的美国社会中的地位。在赫斯顿活跃的那个年代,她的努力连同她种族意识都不被人所认同。然而时至今日她的作品早已被奉为经典,而且她的创作观和种族立场早就预言了在现今这个文化多元的世界,不同种族在交往过程中所应该持有的态度和策略,那就是开放的、多元的、包容性的对话。正是依靠不断的融入和对话而非对抗和分离,美国黑人在“百衲被”式的美国社会中赢得了自己的地位。同时,黑人文化传统也得到了保留和传承。
[Abstract]:Zola Neil Heston (1903? -1960) is one of the writers during the Harlem Renaissance 1920s best. She set a folklorist, anthropologist, journalist, critic, novelist and other titles in one. From 1920 to 1950 as the most prolific African American female writer, Heston has published four novels, two folk tales, a collection of short stories, an autobiography, numerous essays and papers and several musical and dramatic works. She appeared in the 1937 novel "their eyes were Watching God" has been recognized as the most outstanding works. The work also is one of the classic works of American literature is the most studied novel.
Now, the academic circles at home and abroad are mostly from the perspective of < he > this works, such as the construction to explore the heroine Jeanne's female consciousness from the perspective of feminism and the awakening of female identity; to explore the characterization of text in the African American folk culture from the perspective of cultural anthropology; or from the perspective of narratology analysis works the narrative strategies and narrative language. These have been studied from different angles on the works done in-depth study, but the focus of research focused on the basic construction of the cultural identity of the protagonist, and pursue the black voice, to explore the characterization of folk traditional black text on the author's intention and idea of race is less mentioned. The innovation of this paper lies in text in the form of beauty and its social and historical connotation together, from the "social history and aesthetic point of view" to explore the author of this novel in the table The emerging view of creation and the philosophy of race.
On the basis of Bakhtin's "dialogism" theory, Henry Luis Gates's "speech text" theory and combined with Heston on the race concept representation, the narrative structure of the text and narrative discourse characteristics are analyzed in detail. In his < >, the framework of narrative structure and narrative discourse and people dialogue discourse conversion between two the fusion is embodied in Heston's black and white racism, of equal dialogue between the expectations and the black and white double a metaphor of racial consciousness expression. Heston has the dual racial consciousness is a kind of cultural identity construction strategy of African American people. It emphasizes the "duality", namely black the traditional and white culture can be embodied in the African Americans in a total of two; it emphasizes the unity between ethnic culture consciousness of the dialogue. This type of dialogue, open a Family philosophy affirmed the creativity and inclusiveness of African American culture, it helps digestion of long black American identity dilemma. As Dubois said this dilemma is a contradictory and irreconcilable "double consciousness". It hinders the African Americans with their benign interaction with the American society.
Heston's dual racial consciousness is an active and healthy racial view. As Alice Walker evaluation: Heston and his works contain a "racial health". This paper analyzes what is "racial health" and how the author in < > "he expressed the hope that through racial health". In this paper, to reveal Heston's racial attitude clear. In fact, Heston is not only a great writer, she is a sense of responsibility, the conscience of the African Americans. She wants to express its dual racial consciousness through the work, and strive to improve the black racial hostility to the blacks in American society at that time in that position. Heston was active, her efforts along with her racial consciousness has not been recognized. However, her works have long been regarded as a classic, and her creation view and race position early Foretold in this multicultural world, attitudes and Strategies of different races should be held in the process of communication, that is open, pluralistic and inclusive dialogue. It is through constant integration and dialogue rather than confrontation and separation of American blacks in "quilting" in American society to win his position. At the same time, the black cultural tradition has been preserved and inherited.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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