论康拉德小说中人物的复杂性

发布时间：2018-01-14 08:12

本文关键词：论康拉德小说中人物的复杂性　出处：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约瑟夫·康拉德（Joseph Conrad）是19世纪末20世纪初最伟大的英国作家之一，，他在继承了现实主义传统的基础上，也表现出了鲜明的现代主义特征，他的作品为现实主义向现代主义转变提供了缓冲和过渡。与此同时，他对英国传统小说进行了实验性革新，尤其在叙事技巧和人物塑造方面做出了巨大的贡献。通过康拉德对小说的革新，他作品中的人物已经不仅仅为了讲一个故事而存在，而是旨在传达一种精神，一种关于人性的考量，并鞭策着读者思考作品中的道德内涵，完成自身的道德发现。因此，对康拉德的小说进行研究，这对了解英国文学史、英国社会状况甚至对探究整个人类的精神世界都有一定的指导意义。纵观康拉德小说的人物画廊、通过文本细读我们可以发现，康拉德小说中的人物形象普遍具有复杂性的特点。这里的复杂性特征指的是小说人物通过言行举止表现出来的性格上的丰富性和对立性。换句话说，读者读罢小说，并不能对作品人物做出道德上的判断，是非对错、善恶好坏的评判标准会因为人物展现出来的复杂人性而变得模糊不清。这样的人物塑造手法使读者对康拉德的褒贬不一，但这也正是他作品最出彩之处。故而本文以康拉德小说中的人物为研究对象，通过文本细读、文本分析对作品中的复杂人物形象予以剖析，试图进一步审视作者潜藏于作品中的焦虑心态与道德价值取向，并释疑文学中展现人性双重性的目的和意义。本文主要从三部分进行解读。首先借助康拉德的三部小说（中篇小说《黑暗的心》、长篇小说《吉姆爷》、短篇小说《秘密分享者》）进行文本细读，分析作品中人物的复杂性表现；其次从社会环境、作家人格、作家身份三个方面对康拉德如此塑造人物的原因进行解读；最后着重分析人物复杂性在康拉德小说革新中的核心地位。全文以“表现——原因——意义”的逻辑进行叙述，在展现康拉德小说人物复杂性的同时，或许可以把文学与道德的关系理清一二。文学家对这个社会承担的责任就是用最不像事实的事实去表达真实，只有让人们认识并接受真实的自己，真正正常的道德秩序才能够被建立。作品表现人性的阴暗面这无所谓“正负能量”，符合人性的真实就是道德的，最起码这样的作品维护了文学的道德。而我们普通人也应该学会面对自己内心深处的真实，这样才不至于在大千世界中由迷失走向奔溃。本文以人物分析作为切入点、把文学作品与道德主题相结合放在一个新的角度研究，不同于以往的“人性向善分析论”，希望借此可以看到一片新的天地。
[Abstract]:Joseph Conrad (Joseph Conrad) is one of the greatest British writers in early twentieth Century at the end of nineteenth Century, he inherits the traditional realism, also showed the distinctive features of modernism, his works of realism to modernism transformation provides a buffer and transition. At the same time, he carried out the experimental reform of the British tradition novels, especially made great contribution in the narrative techniques and characterization of the novel by Conrad. The innovation of characters in his works have not only to a story, but to convey a kind of spirit, a kind of human nature and moral considerations, urging readers to think connotation works, complete their own moral found. Therefore, the study of Conrad's novels, which is to understand the history of English literature, to explore the social situation even the human spiritual world All of them have some guiding significance.
Throughout Conrad's novels the character Gallery, through the text we can see that in the novels of Conrad characters generally has the characteristic of complexity. Complexity here refers to the characters in the novels by demeanor demonstrated the character on the abundance and antagonism. In other words, readers read novels, and can not make moral judgments on the figures in the works, right and wrong, good and evil quality criteria because of the complexity of human figures show become blurred. So the characterization techniques to make readers to Conrad's praise is not the same, but this is his most spectacular. So this paper takes the characters in Conrad's novels as the research object, through the text reading, text analysis to analyze the works of the complex characters, the author attempts to further examine the hidden in the works of the anxiety and moral value The orientation of literature show, and explain the purpose and significance of the human nature of duality.
This paper is mainly from three parts. Firstly, with the interpretation of Conrad's three novels (novella "heart of darkness", the novel "Lord Jim", short story "the Secret Sharer >) text, complexity analysis of characters in the works of performance; secondly from the social environment, family as lattice, three aspects of the writer the identity of Conrad, so the characters the reason of interpretation; finally analyzes the core characters in Conrad's novels the complexity of innovation. The full text of the" - the reason Logic -- the significance of "narrative of Conrad's novels show the characters in complexity at the same time, it may be possible to clarify the relationship between literature and morality. The one or two writers of the society the responsibility is the fact not only allow people to express the true, know and accept themselves, the real normal moral order can only be built The dark side of human nature. This works "positive energy", in line with the truth of human nature is moral, at least such works to maintain the literary moral. And we ordinary people should also learn to face their inner reality, so as not to lose in the world by Daqian to collapse.
Based on the analysis of the characters as a starting point, the literary works and the moral theme combination on a new perspective, different from the previous analysis on the goodness of human nature ", hoping to see a new world.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074

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