《洪堡的礼物》的叙事艺术分析

发布时间：2018-01-15 04:13

本文关键词：《洪堡的礼物》的叙事艺术分析　出处：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《洪堡的礼物》是美国作家索尔贝娄（1915-2005）最杰出的作品之一。在叙述风格方面，很多评论家把小说的叙述称作独白或者自传。小说自1975年问世以来，在国内外文学界引起了广泛的关注，获得了1976年的普利策文学奖。同年，索尔贝娄荣获诺贝尔文学奖，更加奠定了《洪堡的礼物》在索尔贝娄作品中的重要地位。这部小说着重描写了美国不同时代的两位作家，诗人洪堡和西特林的命运，并且通过他们不同的遭遇，深刻揭示了物质世界对精神文明的摧残。作品的描述显示作者对艺术家在科技发达、物质丰富的现代社会的地位问题给予了充分的关注。那么，如何从适当的角度或方面分析这部作品中的艺术家形象及命运就显得尤为重要。深入分析作品之后表明运用小说叙事学理论可以实现对艺术家人物的分析并能恰当的揭示他们在现代社会中的地位这一问题。本文从小说叙事学角度来分析该作品，可以帮助读者更全面了解作品内容，更清晰的展现主题。本文由三部分组成：引言，正文和结论。引言主要介绍了论文的理论即：小说叙事学理论。此外，还介绍了《洪堡的礼物》的主要内容，作者概括以及国内外对作者索尔贝娄的研究现状。其中，正文包括三章。第一章分析小说的叙述声音。在《洪堡的礼物》这部小说中，索尔贝娄主要采用了象征手法和意识流手法为语言增添色彩。这两种手法的使用让本来平淡无奇的语言显得深奥而形象。象征是二十世纪现代主义文学的重要表现手法之一。意识流是文艺作品的内容要素之一，即小说中具体描述并且反映主题思想的感性生活和心理现象。在《洪堡的礼物》中，索尔贝娄主要使用了第一人称的叙述方法，以第一人称讲故事的方法是一种精巧的方法。第一人称叙述增加了叙事的亲历性，其目的和效果是富于变化的。主人公用自己的话来塑造自我形象。第一人称有助于读者直接听其言，观其行，了解主人公的内心活动，作品显得自然、真实和亲切。采用这种视角，作者有效地避免了直接介入和操纵读者，从而让读者自己去认识主人公。因此，读者可以直接地跟踪主人公自我身份的构建过程，跟踪主人公的思想矛盾、迷茫困惑和性格发展的心路历程。但是第一人称视角的一个显著缺点是它具有局限性，读者仅仅能看到主人公视野之内的事物，只能随着主人公来观察周围发生的一切。为了弥补第一人称视角局限性，索尔贝娄还使用了第三人称的视角。当叙述人不在现场，第三人称视角可以帮助读者认识主人公视角之外的事情。此外，在这部小说中，还出现了一种特殊视角：第二人称。第二人称缩短了读者与叙述者之间的距离，读者仿佛身临其境，感同身受，进一步赢得读者对主人公内心痛苦的同情。第二章讨论了此小说的叙述时间。索尔贝娄使用两种叙述时间进行叙述，一种是物理时间顺序，一种是心理时间顺序。这个文本的结构是传统的小说结构，文本叙述形式是按照传统小说的叙述模式进行，有着清晰的故事线索，并且按照物理时间顺序讲述故事。小说《洪堡的礼物》在叙事时间的安排上所表现的一个特色就是打乱时序,作品结构呈现出一种内在的跳跃性。在时序的安排上，贝娄独具匠心,并没有开篇就让读者坠入时空的迷雾，体现出时空混乱的渐进性，但读者完全能根据文本明确的时间状语确定故事时间，隐含在西特林的回忆里有另外一条主要线索，是关于西特林和洪堡两个人在文学道路上成功与失败的故事。西特林和洪堡两个人的人生回顾是以支离破碎的片段形式出现在西特林对往事的追忆中，即“往事的往事”之中。这些回忆主要集中在小说前十八章，这些回忆没有时间顺序，仅存在于西特林的潜意识里，表现出他的精神恍惚不定，内心焦虑不安。除此之外，贝娄在小说中还穿插了许多零散的小故事，这些故事都是以西特林的回忆形式出现。这种物理与心理时间相结合的叙述风格反映了20世纪文学创作中的一种普遍趋势———现实主义和现代主义的相互交织和渗透,在剖析人物心理危机的同时展示人物所处的现实境遇，从而深刻挖掘了主人公悲剧之所以产生的社会根源和个人因素，将传统现实主义小说固有的优势与现代主义的新的视野完美地结合在一起。第三章讨论了此小说的叙述特征。本论文主要分析小说的两个特征：第一个是现实主义与现代主义相结合的特征；第二个是对照和讽刺相结合的特征。索尔贝娄是一位介于现实主义与现代主义之间的美国当代小说家。他继承了优秀的文学传统，又吸收了现代主义文学的长处，把传统与现代创作手法融合在一起，形成了自己的独特风格。他以现实主义手法反映现实生活的本质，揭示物质发达的美国所存在的精神危机，同时他又受到现代主义文学观念与技巧的影响，在探索当代人心灵深处的感受，描写世界的荒诞时运用了现代主义的手法。小说《洪堡的礼物》不同于传统的现实主义作品，它具有二十世纪现实主义文学的一些明显的艺术特色，在艺术上体现了现实主义创作倾向同现代主义表现手法的有机结合。此外，在这部小说中，索尔贝娄还运用了传统的对照与讽刺相结合的特征，在小说中的很多比较反映出了美国当代社会富足的物质生活与空虚的精神生活的矛盾，讽刺了各个阶层的人物心理上的丑恶。最后的部分是结论。在论文的结论里，进一步强化了作者的创作意图:艺术家和现代社会之间的关系问题值得关注。艺术家在现代社会中的地位和作用以及如何调节艺术家与现代社会之间的关系，这是贝娄有意识唤起人类思考的问题。
[Abstract]:"Humboldt's gift" is the American writer Sol Bellow (1915-2005) is one of the most outstanding works. In the narrative style, many critics regard this novel belongs tomonologue or autobiography novels. Since its inception in 1975, has caused widespread concern in the domestic and foreign scholars, won the Pulitzer prize for literature in 1976. In the same year, Saul Bellow won the Nobel prize for literature, laid a more important position "Humboldt's gift" in Saul Bellow's works. The novel focuses on the description of the two writers of different times in the United States, Humboldt and Citrin's fate, and through their different experiences, reveals the spiritual civilization of the destruction of the material world. The description of works the author of the artist display technology developed in modern society, the status of rich material has given full attention. So, how from the right angle or of the work The image of the artist and the fate of products is particularly important. After in-depth analysis of the work shows that using the novel narrative theory can realize the analysis of the characters and artists can adequately reveal their position in the modern society. This paper from the narrative perspective of the works, readers can have a more comprehensive understanding of the works the content, more clearly show the theme.
This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction mainly introduces the theory of the novel, namely, the theory of narrative narratives. Besides, it also introduces the main contents of "Humboldt's gift", and summarizes the research status of Bellow, the author at home and abroad.
Among them, the text includes three chapters.
The first chapter is the analysis of the narrative voice. In this novel < > in Humboldt's gift, Saul Bellow mainly uses the symbolism and stream of consciousness to add color to the language. Using these two methods to make the originally dull language is profound and image. The symbol is one of the important techniques in twentieth Century modernist literature. Stream of consciousness is one of the elements of literary works, the novels describe the perceptual life and psychological phenomenon and reflect the theme. In "Humboldt's gift", Saul Bellow mainly uses the first person narration, the first person storytelling method is an ingenious method. First person narrative increased personal narrative, its purpose and effect are changeable. Hero's own words self image. The first person to help readers directly by deeds, the knowledge of the Lord The public's mind, work is natural, true and kind. With this view, the author effectively avoids direct intervention and manipulation of the reader, so that the reader to understand the protagonist. Therefore, readers can construct directly tracking the protagonist's identity process, follow the protagonist's thoughts of contradiction, the mentality of confusion confusion and character development. However, a significant disadvantage of the first person perspective is that it has limitations, the readers can only see the hero within view of things, only with the hero to observe what is happening around. In order to compensate for the limitations of the first person perspective, Saul Bellow also used the third person perspective. When the narrator not on the scene, the third person perspective can help the readers understand the characters outside things. In addition, in this novel, there is also a special perspective: second people said second people. It shortens the distance between the reader and the narrator. The reader feels as if he is in a situation and feels the same, and further wins the reader's sympathy for the inner pain of the hero.
The second chapter discusses the narrative time of the novel. Saul Bellow use two kinds of narrative narrative time, a physical time sequence, a time sequence. This is the psychological structure of the text is a novel structure of the traditional narrative form is in accordance with the traditional narrative mode, has a clear story line, and according to the physical order of time tells a story. A feature of the novel "Humboldt's gift" performance in the arrangement of the narrative time is disrupting the timing, work structure presents a kind of internal jump. In sequential arrangement, Bellow did not let have great originality, the opening time of the reader into the fog, reflecting the progressive chaotic time, but the reader can determine the story time according to the text clear time adverbial, there is another main clues hidden in the sitrin memories, is about two Humboldt and Citrine Personal success in the literature on the road with the failure of the story. And two of the Humboldt citrine is reduced to fragments fragments of life review form appears in the Citrine of the past, the past of the past. These memories are mainly concentrated in the novels of the first eighteen chapters, these memories have no time to order, there is only Yuxitelin subconscious in a trance to show his uncertain inner anxiety. In addition, Bellow in the novel is also interspersed with many small scattered stories, these stories are Yixitelin memories form. The physical and psychological time combination of narrative style reflects a general trend in the literary creation -- twentieth Century realism and modernism are intertwined and infiltration, the reality show the characters in the analysis of the characters of psychological crisis at the same time, in order to deeply excavate the hero The social and personal factors that cause the tragedy combine the advantages of the traditional realistic novel with the new vision of modernism.
The third chapter discusses the narrative features of the novel. This thesis mainly analyzes two characteristics of the novel: one is the characteristics of the combination of modernism and realism; the second is the combination of the characteristics of control and satire. Saul Bellow is a contemporary American novelist between between realism and modernism. He inherited the the outstanding literary tradition, but also absorb the advantages of modern literature, traditional and modern writing style together, has formed its own unique style. The essence of his realism to reflect the realities of life, reveal the material developed in the United States are the spiritual crisis, at the same time he was influenced by modernism concept and skill in the depths of the soul, to explore the feelings of contemporary people, describing the absurdity of the world by modern technique. The novel < > Humboldt's gift is different from the traditional realistic works Some obvious characteristics of art, it has the realistic literature of twentieth Century, in art embodies the organic combination of realism creation tendency with modernism expression. In addition, in this novel, Saul Bellow also used the characteristics of the combination of traditional control and irony, many in the novel reflects the the contradiction of contemporary American society rich material life and the spiritual emptiness of life, satire all classes of characters and psychological ugliness.
The last part is the conclusion. In the conclusion, the further strengthening of the author's creation intention: the relationship between the artist and the modern social concern. The status and role of the artist in modern society and how to adjust the relationship between the artist and the modern society, this is Bellow consciously arouse human thought.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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