自我之歌—《一千英亩》的女性主义解读

发布时间：2018-01-19 22:55

本文关键词： 《一千英亩》女性主义压迫反抗自我　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文运用女性主义理论且重点运用女性主义理论家波伏娃作品《第二性》中的女性主义观点，论述简·斯迈利的小说《一千英亩》反映出的男权社会中不平等的两性关系，分析父权制对女性造成的压抑和束缚以及女性的反抗与觉醒。简·斯迈利是美国当代著名的女作家,20世纪80年代以来出版过多部小说。她于1991年出版的长篇小说《一千英亩》，先后获得普利策文学奖和美国国家书评人，并引起了评论界的广泛关注。在这部小说中，斯迈利用女性第一人称描述了库克家族的兴衰史。家族中的男性们为了追逐利益，不惜破坏生态环境并且剥夺女性的自由权利，而他们的疯狂举动最终引起自然的报复和女性的反抗。由于小说揭示了男性过度开垦土地严重破坏自然界平衡这一主题，因此国内外学者大多从生态主义角度解读人与自然的关系。同时，由于小说以女性第一人称进行叙述，部分学者从精神分析角度研究了叙述人吉妮的心理状态。此外，还有学者从小说与莎士比亚戏剧《李尔王》的互文关系、或者从地域文学和象征手法的运用等角度对《一千英亩》进行研究。但总体来说，从女性主义视角进行的研究尚不多见，评论家对小说中男女性人物不平等关系尤其是女性觉醒历程的关注较少。因此，从女性主义视角对该小说进行分析可以弥补这一方面研究的欠缺，有助于丰富对作品刻画的人物的认识，也有助于加深对女性主义理论的理解。女性主义理论重在研究父权社会男女不平等的现象。女性主义批评家关注男权压迫带给女性的伤害。她们呼吁女性勇于反抗男性压迫，成为有自我意识的独立个体从而开拓两性平等的美好未来。波伏娃作为重要的女性主义理论家，在其作品《第二性》中，详细论述了女性在父权压制下失去自我的原因和表现。她提出了女性必须获得独立和解放，以结束父权时代，建立男女平等的和谐社会。本论文从女性主义理论出发，结合波伏娃作品《第二性》中的相关理论，对简·斯迈利小说《一千英亩》进行女性主义解读。为弥补前期研究对文中两性矛盾关注的欠缺，本论文重点分析男女性人物关系的变化，研究男性对女性的压迫和女性反抗并重塑自我的历程。本论文由八章组成：第一章为引言部分。这一部分主要介绍了作者和其小说《一千英亩》的一些基本信息，并介绍了本论文运用女性主义理论分析该小说的背景，同时介绍了本论文的研究目的。第二章为理论基础。这一部分介绍了女性主义理论的主要观点，同时概括了女性主义批评家波伏娃的作品《第二性》的主要理论。第三章为文献综述部分。这一部分主要回顾了国内外评论界对《一千英亩》的相关研究。大多数批评家从生态批评、精神分析、互文性等角度对该小说进行研究，但很少有人从女性主义视角对该作品进行解读。同时，批评家对小说中刻画的两性冲突斗争关注较少。为弥补这一空白，本论文将从女性主义理论出发，分析《一千英亩》中男女性人物间的矛盾和关系变化。第四至七章为论文主体部分。这一部分主要结合女性主义理论对小说进行分析。女性主义理论关注父权统治的不合理性，因此，第四章分析小说中描述的父权统治。在《一千英亩》中，故事的发生地泽布伦县是一个典型的男权社会。在这里，男性认为自己处于比女性优越的地位，他们歧视并压抑女性。拉里等男性人物把他们的妻子、女儿当做私有物品、仆人和繁衍后代的工具。他们用暴力伤害女性的身体；他们剥夺女性自由表达意见的权利，压抑她们的思想；他们反对女性外出工作独立生活，并且意图把她们永远困在家里。同时，女性主义理论还关注男权压迫带给女性的伤害，因此，第五章分析小说中女性人物的遭遇。在《一千英亩》中，男性的压迫不仅使女性身体受损害，而且使她们在精神上被动怯懦在经济上依附于男性。最终，在这种情况下，小说中的女性渐渐失去自我。为改善女性境况，女性主义理论提出要反抗男权压迫，重建自我身份，因此，第六章分析小说中女性人物的觉醒和反抗历程。出于对男性压抑的愤怒，小说中吉妮等女性人物决定反击男性压迫。在反抗的过程中，她们逐渐找回了身体的力量；她们拒绝男性的思想控制，大胆说出自己的想法，揭露男权统治的罪恶；她们离开家庭，找到自己喜欢的工作，实现独立自主，在反抗中获得自由和觉醒，实现自我价值。最后，女性主义理论认为女性的反抗必将结束男权统治，实现男女平等，因此，第七章分析女性的反抗如何撼动男性在生产上的绝对领导者和家庭中的绝对主人的地位，研究女性的反抗如何结束泽布伦县的男权统治，形成男女和谐相处的新局面。第八章为结论部分，这一部分总结全文研究过程及观点，阐释了本研究的理论与现实意义，指出存在的不足，并对本研究课题今后的发展方向进行展望。
[Abstract]:This paper uses the theory of feminism and feminist theorist Beauvior's works focus on the use of secondary < > in the perspective of feminism, gender inequality on Jan Smiley's novel "one thousand acre > reflect the patriarchal society, analysis of patriarchy on women caused by repression and bondage and women's resistance and awakening.
Jan Smiley is a famous contemporary American writer, published many novels since 1980s. In 1991 she published the novel < > one thousand acres, has won the Pulitzer prize and the National Book Critics, and attracted wide attention of critics. In this novel, Smiley describes the rise and fall of Cook family history the first person in the family of women. Men in order to pursue interests at the destruction of the ecological environment and deprived of the freedom of women rights, and their craziness eventually lead to revenge of nature and female resistance.
The novel reveals the male excessive land reclamation serious damage to the theme of the balance of nature, so the relationship between the domestic and foreign scholars are mostly from the ecological perspective of man and nature. At the same time, the story narrated in the first person female, some scholars from the perspective of psychoanalysis narrative jeannic psychological state. In addition, there are scholars from novels and dramas of Shakespeare < > Lear intertextual relationship, or from the geographical literature and symbolism of < > one thousand acres of research. But generally speaking, the research conducted from the perspective of feminism is rare, especially the female awakening critics less attention to male and female characters in the novel is not equal the relationship can be analyzed. Therefore, the lack of remedy to this aspect of the novel from the feminist perspective, is helpful to enrich the works on the portrayal of the character recognition, It also helps to deepen the understanding of feminist theory.
Feminist theory focuses on the inequality between men and women in the patriarchal society. Feminist critics pay attention to the oppression of damage. They appeal to give women the courage to resist the oppression of male female, become self aware individual to develop a better future of sexual equality. Beauvior as an important feminist theorist in the works of "secondary". Discusses the causes and manifestations of women lose themselves in the patriarchal oppression. She made women must obtain independence and liberation, to end the patriarchal era of building a harmonious society, the equality between men and women. This paper from the feminist theory, combined with the theory of Beauvior's works < secondary >, < one thousand acres in Jan Smiley's novels > of feminist interpretation. In order to make up for the previous study on the contradiction between the lack of attention to gender, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the relationship between men and women characters change It studies the history of men's oppression of women and women's resistance and reinventing themselves.
This paper consists of eight chapters:
The first chapter is the introduction. This part mainly introduces some basic information of the author and his novel < one thousand acres >, and introduces the background of this novel by using feminist theory, and introduces the purpose of this paper.
The second chapter is the theoretical basis. This part introduces the main points of feminist theory, and summarizes the main theory of Beauvior's feminist critic.
The third chapter is literature review. This part mainly reviews the related research on "one thousand acres" critics at home and abroad. Most of the critics from the ecological criticism, psychoanalysis, research on the novel perspective of intertextuality, but few people interpret the works from a feminist perspective. At the same time, critics of the novel both sexes described in conflict less attention. To compensate for this gap, this paper from the perspective of feminist theory, analysis of "contradictions and relations between characters and changes of one thousand acres >.
The part four to seven is the main part of the paper. This part mainly combines the feminist theory to analyze the novel.
Feminist theory focuses on Patriarchy unreasonable, therefore, the fourth chapter analysis described in the novel. In one thousand acres of patriarchy < >, story Ze Buren county is a typical patriarchal society. Here, men think they are superior to women's status, their discrimination and suppression of women. Larry and other male characters to their wives and daughters as private goods, servants and reproduction tool. They use violence women's bodies; they deprive women of the right of free expression, suppress their thoughts; they go out to work against women and their intention to live independently, forever trapped in the house.
At the same time, feminist theory also pays attention to the oppression of women bring harm, therefore, the fifth chapter analyzes the female characters in the novel experience. In one thousand acres of < >, male oppression not only makes the female body damage, and make them in the spirit of passive cowardice economically dependent on men. Finally, in this case in the novel, women gradually lost themselves.
In order to improve the situation of women, feminist theory proposes to rebel against the patriarchal oppression, the reconstruction of self identity, therefore, the female characters in the novel the awakening and revolt process analysis. The sixth chapter for male repressed anger in the novel, the female characters such as Jeannie decided to fight back the oppression of male. In the process of resistance, they gradually recovered the body they refused to force; men thought control, speak your mind, to expose the patriarchal evil; they left home to find their own love of work, realize the independent, freedom and awakening in the rebellion, the realization of self value.
Finally, the feminist theory that women will end against patriarchy, realize equality, therefore, the seventh chapter analyzes the absolute master of women's resistance to shake the male in the production of the absolute leader in the family and the status of women's resistance to the end of Ze county Bren patriarchy, the formation of a new situation in the harmony between men and women.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion. This part summarizes the research process and viewpoints of the full text, explains the theoretical and practical significance of this research, points out the shortcomings and prospects the future development of this research topic.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】