从《去吧，摩西》看福克纳的生态伦理观

发布时间：2018-02-25 03:03

本文关键词： 威廉·福克纳生态伦理人与自然荒野与文明　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国南方作家威廉·福克纳(1897-1962)的小说《去吧,摩西》着力探究了人与自然,人与人之间的生态伦理关系。通过主人公艾克在荒野中的成长历程阐释了福克纳对荒野的崇敬和难以割舍的特殊感情。在南方新旧历史的变迁中,福克纳对人与土地、荒野的关系,人类工业化文明及人类中心主义,以及导致人与自然疏离的深层次的社会原因进行了深刻的反思,体现了作者所具有的超越其时代的生态忧患意识及其生态伦理观。本篇论文试以生态伦理阐释《去吧,摩西》,使其彰显出生态语境下的伦理蕴含及福克纳超越时代的生态伦理观。美国著名生态学家奥尔多·利奥波德在其著作《沙乡年鉴》中提出土地作为一个共同体的观念是生态学的基本概念,而土地应该被热爱和尊敬,则是一种伦理观念的延伸。土地伦理只是扩大了这个共同体的界限,它包括土壤、水、植物和动物,或者把它们概括起来：土地。社会生态学家,默里·布克金认为,当代的生态危机植根于更为深层复杂的社会问题。在生态伦理批评中,人与自然的对立也恰恰是人与人之间的伦理关系的歪曲与恶化的表现。《去吧,摩西》中白人对黑人、富人对穷人、男人对女人的支配特征正是反映了人对自然的统治观念直接来自于人对人的统治。人类之所以没有把土地纳入共同体的界限,问题的根源就在于此。本文的引言部分简要地介绍了福克纳创作《去吧,摩西》的背景及其所表达的生态思想,总结了目前的国内外研究情况,及生态批评的相关背景,以便更好地解读福克纳的生态伦理观。第一章主要探讨了形成福克纳生态伦理思想的背景。对形成福克纳生态意识的地理环境、思想文化、社会历史根源及美国工业文明等背景进行了分析。逐渐消逝的荒野和印第安文化对福克纳的荒野情结构成了深远的影响,面对工业文明的发展与荒野的消亡之间日渐尖锐的对立,福克纳对工业文明的弊端进行了反思,体现了他超时代的生态意识。第二章主要探讨了福克纳的自然生态观。主人公艾萨克·麦卡斯林在他的导师山姆·法泽斯的指导下,在追逐大熊老班的过程中,接受了荒野的考验,不仅认识到了荒野的内在价值,而且也获得了精神上的新生。艾克正是通过在大森林中的打猎活动,从荒野、老班和山姆身上学到了勇气、谦恭、忍耐和怜悯等传统美德,同时深刻的展现了人与自然之间相互依赖的关系以及工业文明的发展与荒野的消亡之间不可调和的矛盾。第三章主要论述了福克纳的社会生态伦理观。对福克纳而言,环境问题更多的是指社会生态问题而不是自然生态问题,小说通过研究人与自然之间的关系,探讨了根深蒂固的社会问题。福克纳对土地所有权的批判,对人对人的控制的批判说明了人对土地的控制是人与自然之间的疏离、人性异化并进一步控制土地的根源来自于社会内部。正是人类把土地视为商品随意买卖破坏,才会导致生态危机,也正是人对人的控制才会导致人类进一步控制土地。
[Abstract]:In the transition of the new and old history of the South , the author has made a deep reflection on the relationship between man and land , wilderness , man ' s industrial civilization and human centralism , as well as the deep social reasons that led to the alienation of man and nature . The paper tries to illustrate the ecological ethics in the context of ecological ethics . The concept of land as a community is the basic concept of ecology , and the land should be loved and respected . The land ethics just expands the boundary of the community . It includes soil , water , plants and animals , and it can be summarized as follows : The social ecologist and Murray Bukhkin think that the contemporary ecological crisis is rooted in more deeply complicated social problems . The introduction part of this paper briefly introduces the background and the ecological ideas expressed by Fokona , summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad , and the background of ecological criticism , so as to better understand the ecological ethics view of Fook . The first chapter mainly discusses the background of the formation of the ecological ethics thought . The paper analyses the background of the geographical environment , thought culture , social history and the industrial civilization of the United States . The second chapter mainly discusses the natural ecological view of Fook . Under the guidance of his mentor Sam Fazes , the hero Isaac McCaslin has received the test of wilderness , not only the intrinsic value of the wilderness , but also the spiritual born . Ake has learned the traditional virtues such as courage , humility , patience and compassion from the wilderness , the old class and the Sam through hunting activities in the big forest . At the same time , there is profound contradiction between the interdependence between man and nature and the development of industrial civilization and the extinction of the wilderness . The third chapter mainly discusses the social ecological ethics of Fukana . For the latter , the environmental problems refer to the social ecological problems rather than the natural ecological problems . The criticism of the people ' s control over land ownership is the alienation between man and nature , the alienation of human nature and the further control of the root causes of the land come from within the society . It is the human ' s view that the land is destroyed by the arbitrary sale of the commodity , which can lead to the ecological crisis , and it is also the human ' s control that leads to the further control of the land .

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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