试论宫泽贤治童话中的死亡意识

发布时间：2018-03-04 03:08

本文选题：宫泽贤治　切入点：死亡意识　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在日本近代文学史上,宫泽贤治是一个独特的存在。年仅37岁的生涯中,为后世留下了数篇的名作。但是,贤治生前只是个无名小卒,发表的作品并未得到认可；死后,随着对其文学价值的重新认识,使其声名鹊起,一跃成为极具人气的国民性作家。贤治采用童话的形式,描写一般童话中不会涉及到的死亡问题,创作出了与众不同且独具魅力的作品群。研究作品群中隐藏的死亡意识,将有利于更好的把握贤治文学的本质及其精神。因此,本论文主要以死亡题材的童话为中心,来研究贤治的死亡意识。本论文首先介绍了贤治为众生的幸福祈祷,充满善意的生涯及以死亡为题材的童话作品的分类。以14篇死亡题材的童话为研究对象,把童话作品中的死亡分成四类,即“自己恶行的报应的死”“社会恶的报应的死”“为生命的祈祷”“舍身以及舍身布施的死”。并且,从这四类中分别选取一篇最具代表性的作品作为本论文的研究对象。其次,本论文以《蜘蛛与鼻涕虫与狸》《奥侈贝尔与大象》《滑床山的熊》《古斯柯布多力传记》四部作品为中心,采用文本分析的方法,着眼于各童话中主人公的死亡场面,来探寻作品中隐藏的死亡意识以及作品的深层世界。再次,深入研究了贤治死亡意识产生的根源和发展演变的轨迹。其根源有四点：第一点是黑暗的时代背景的影响。贤治生活在一个战争与自然灾害频发,与死亡紧密相连的时代。第二点源于佛教氛围浓重的家世以及法华经信仰的影响。法华经是贤治人生和文学形成的母胎。第三点妹妹敏的离世给贤治以致命的打击。贤治为了克服妹妹去世的悲痛,坚信“灵魂不灭”的思想。第四点是贤治自身生病经历的影响。自身生病的经历使作者不得不承认“生命是有限度的”这一事实。通过对作品及根源的研究,可以看出贤治的死亡意识是随着其人生体验和思想的深化而不断地发展演变的,笔者把贤治的死亡意识发展演变的轨迹分为三个时期来阐述。最后,围绕着死亡意识中表现出的和平祈愿、对资本主义的批判、利他性的角度来挖掘贤治精神。贤治通过他的法华文学,向我们传达了“为了建立一个没有争斗和剥削、众生和平共处,互敬互爱的世界,牺牲自己也在所不惜”的愿望。
[Abstract]:In the history of modern Japanese literature, Miyazawa Xianzhi is a unique existence. During his career at the age of 37, he left several masterpieces for later generations. With a new understanding of its literary value, his fame rose to fame and became a popular national writer. Xianzhi takes the form of fairy tales, describes death problems that are not involved in ordinary fairy tales, and creates a unique and charismatic group of works. It will be helpful to grasp the essence and spirit of Xianzhi literature better. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the fairy tales of the subject of death to study Xianzhi's consciousness of death. This paper first introduces the classification of Xianzhi's fairytale works, which are full of good intentions, praying for the happiness of all living beings. Taking 14 fairy tales of death as the object of study, the death in fairy tales is divided into four categories. That is, "the death of retribution of one's own evil behavior", "the death of retribution of social evil", "praying for life", "the death of giving away one's life and giving one's life". Moreover, one of the most representative works is selected from these four categories as the research object of this thesis. This thesis focuses on four works of Spider and Snotter and Pagoda, Obamber and Elephant, Bear in Slide Mountain, the Biography of Coscophado, and focuses on the death scenes of the protagonists in each fairy tale by the method of text analysis. To explore the hidden consciousness of death in the work and the deep world of the work. Thirdly, it deeply studies the origin of the consciousness of death and the track of its development. There are four reasons: the first one is the influence of the dark background of the times. Xianzhi lives in a war and natural disasters frequently. The second point originates from the strong Buddhist atmosphere and the influence of the faith in the Dharma sutras. The Fahwa sutras is the mother's fetus formed by the virtuous government of life and literature. The third point is the death of sister min. To overcome the grief of his sister's death, Believing in the idea that "the soul is immortal". The fourth point is the influence of the sage of one's own illness. The experience of one's own illness forces the author to acknowledge the fact that "there is a limit to life." through the study of the works and the root causes, It can be seen that the death consciousness of Xianzhi develops and evolves with the deepening of his life experience and thought. The author divides the track of the development and evolution of Xianzhi's death consciousness into three periods to expound. Finally, the spirit of virtuous governance is excavated around the peaceful wish, criticism of capitalism, and altruistic point of view of death consciousness. Through his Chinese literature, Xian Zhi conveys to us "in order to establish a society free from strife and exploitation." The desire of all beings to coexist peacefully, to respect and love each other, and to sacrifice themselves.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I313.078

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