《白鲸》中叙事技巧的陌生化

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:58

本文选题：赫尔曼·麦尔维尔　切入点：《白鲸》　出处：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《白鲸》被公认为是“美国的民族史诗”,是美国作家赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的一部经典作品。因其异乎传统的叙事结构,多重的叙事视角以及绚丽,庞杂的语言风格而备受读者和研究者的关注。本文在细读文本的基础上,以什克洛夫斯基的陌生化理论为指导,探讨《白鲸》中叙事技巧的陌生化效果。 1916年,俄国形式主义者什克洛夫斯基提出了陌生化理论,他认为陌生化在文学作品中的一切表现形式,都不是对现实的严格的模仿,正确的反应或再现,而是一种有意识的偏离,创造或者变形、异化。在《白鲸》中,陌生化手法主要表现在延宕的叙事结构,独特的叙事视角以及诗意般的语言三个方面。本文由五个部分构成,导论部分主要介绍赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的生平及其作品研究现状,以及本论文的研究意义,并简述什克洛夫斯基的陌生化理论。第一章从反传统的叙事结构入手,分析文本中独特的时空建构以及树型结构。这种结构在故事内容和读者之间设置了障碍,增加了读者对《白鲸》艺术形式的感受难度,从而实现了结构上的陌生化。第二章主要结合热拉尔·热奈特的聚焦理论,从零聚焦,内聚集和外聚焦的视角来探讨《白鲸》中的多重叙事视角的转化,以达到陌生化的艺术效果。第三章主要解读小说中叙事语言的陌生化。为打破读者原有的欣赏习惯和思维模式,文中采用大量戏剧独白式的语言和象征性的词语以及修辞手法,一方面增强了作品的可感性,扩展了其语言的审美空间；另一方面,也使小说具有了奇异和新颖的特点。陌生化手法引导读者从新的角度去审视和欣赏小说,增强了小说的新鲜感和惊奇感。本文从陌生化理论解读《白鲸》中叙事技巧,不仅有助于读者感受作品中新奇的艺术效果,而且带给读者全新的审美体验和内心感受,从而为《白鲸》的研究提供一个借鉴。
[Abstract]:The Moby Dick is recognized as "the American National Epic," a classic by the American writer Helman Melville. It's different from the traditional narrative structure, the narrative perspective, and the splendor. On the basis of careful reading of the text and guided by Shiklovsky's theory of defamiliarization, this paper discusses the effect of defamiliarization of narrative techniques in Moby Dick. In 1916, Russian formalist Shklovsky put forward the theory of defamiliarization. He thought that all forms of strangeness in literary works were not strict imitation of reality, correct reaction or reproduction. In Moby Dick, strangeness is mainly manifested in the delayed narrative structure, unique narrative perspective and poetic language. This paper is composed of five parts. The introduction mainly introduces Helman Melville's life and his works, and the significance of this paper. The first chapter begins with the anti-traditional narrative structure, analyzes the unique space-time structure and the tree structure in the text. This structure sets up obstacles between the content of the story and the reader. It makes it more difficult for readers to feel about the art form of Moby Whale, and it's a structural defamiliarization. Chapter two combines Gerald Genett's focus theory with zero focus. To explore the transformation of multiple narrative perspectives in Moby Dick from the perspective of internal aggregation and external focus. In order to achieve the artistic effect of defamiliarization, the third chapter mainly interprets the strangeness of narrative language in the novel. In order to break the readers' original appreciation habits and thinking patterns, a large number of dramatic monologues, symbolic words and rhetorical devices are adopted. On the one hand, it enhances the sensibility of the works and expands the aesthetic space of its language; on the other hand, it also makes the novel have strange and novel features. The defamiliarization technique leads readers to examine and appreciate the novel from a new angle, which enhances the freshness and surprise of the novel. This paper interprets the narrative techniques in Moby Dick from the defamiliarization theory. It not only helps readers to feel the novel artistic effect in the works, but also brings readers a new aesthetic experience and inner feeling, thus providing a reference for the study of Moby Dick.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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