从叙事学视角解读温特森小说《守望灯塔》

发布时间：2018-03-16 14:27

  本文选题：《守望灯塔》　切入点：诗化语言　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为英国当代著名的女性作家，詹妮特·温特森是极其复杂的。然而，不可否认的是，她的小说受到了越来越多的关注，研究者们更是对其作品的诸多方面进行了深入的解读分析。 《守望灯塔》是温特森的第八部小说，讲述了一名叫做银儿的孤儿和灯塔看守人瞎子普尤之间的故事。普尤是一位讲故事的高手，不停地给银儿讲不同的故事，而这些故事没有规律的交织在一起成就了这部小说。学者们对小说的语言、叙事方式、意象、隐喻以及主题都有针对性研究，而且这样的研究仍在持续。本文将会从叙事学角度综合对小说的诗化语言、非线性叙事方式以及隐喻涵义三个方面进行相关的分析研究，进而探讨三者对小说主题的影响和作用。 本文分为引言、正文三部分以及结论。 引言部分先是介绍了温特森的写作成就，其次是她的基本人生阅历，最后是介绍了当前学者们对其作品的研究状况，尤其是对小说《守望灯塔》的探析。 正文第一章探讨温特森小说中的诗化语言。分为三小节。第一节给诗化语言下定义以及概括它所具有的特点。温特森小说中的诗化语言具有诗一般的的结构，句子简洁精短，有诗的节奏，读起来容易上口，而且有诗的韵味，让人读起来感觉不像是小说，而是长篇叙事诗。第二节讨论了诗化语言在小说结构上起到的作用。小说《守望灯塔》的结构复杂，如同故事的叙事方式一样，它是非线性结构，小说各部分之间被打乱了顺序。在这样的复杂结构中，小说的诗化语言起了重要作用，通过语言的描述我们能清楚地了解小说所处的位置。而且，有些句子句式一致，能清晰的暗示我们小说各部分的关联。第三节讨论了诗化语言对小说一些意象描写的功用。意象是小说的重要元素，它能在一定程度上帮助读者理解小说的主题。但有的小说晦涩难懂，意象描写比较模糊，人们体会不到它的意境，对于小说解读会造成很大的困难。《守望灯塔》里面的意象也有不少，在作者诗化语言生动简洁的描绘之下，能够非常容易的被人们把握，从而有助于深化对小说主题的理解，而这正是温特森诗化语言的一大特色。 第二章探讨了小说中非线性叙事方式的运用。分为三小节。第一节简要总结了非线性叙事方式的特点。所谓非线性叙事就是与线性叙事相对立的方式，故事的开头、中间、结尾都被打乱了顺序，几个故事相互交织在一起，故事里面有故事，但不是完整的故事，而是被打乱的故事片段，这些故事片段堆砌起来构成了整个非线性故事结构。第二节讨论温特森运用非线性叙事的目的。温特森采用非线性叙事结构主要有三个方面的考量，一个是展现自己的语言天赋，凭借自己的诗化语言能够吸引读者的眼球，使得他们忽略对叙事结构的关注，更多的关注小说的语言本身；一个是要展示自己讲故事的手段，即使故事都被打断了，成了分散的片段，温特森也能把他们拼凑起来，最终把故事讲述完整；最后是通过这种颠覆式的叙事方式从不同的层面来揭示主题，在故事的片段中表达自己的深意。第三节讨论了非线性叙事追求统一性的问题。非线性叙事中，虽然故事都是以片段的形式展现出来，但他们具有统一性。一个方面是叙述者实现了统一，小说里有两个叙述者：银儿，讲她自己的故事；普尤，给银儿讲关于灯塔、灯塔主人达克和茉莉、圣经故事以及一些历史人物的故事。小说前半段，普尤的故事都在引号里边，而银儿的故事没有引号，它是主线，但是到了后面，引号全部消失了，于是银儿的声音同普尤的声音混合在一起，分不清彼此，实际上小说实现了叙述者的统一。另一方面主题的统一，在非线性叙事中，故事以片段的方式展现，但里面包含的主题是统一的，它们都在讲关于爱、失落以及探寻的主题，在这方面它们实现了统一。 第三章探讨了在小说叙事当中存在的的隐喻涵义。分为三小节。第一节讨论了女主人公银儿有怎样的隐喻涵义。小说中有几处对银儿名字的专门字面解释并且附带有故事，根据白银的特点：它发出的光百分之九十五来自反射，它是少数能安全吞服的贵金属。通过解释字面含义，再关注银儿在小说中的表现，我们可以解读她的隐喻涵义：代表那些有潜质、虔诚的需要被拯救的朝圣者，通过引导，才能获得新生。第二节讨论了瞎子普尤的隐喻涵义。在故事的叙述中，普尤通常与灯塔相重合，在一定意义上，他也是灯塔，给人以光明，指引人走出困境；他通过讲故事引导银儿的成长，他是为朝圣者传达信息的使者，神秘而又坚持传统。第三节讨论了小说中隐喻涵义对主题的映射。前面分别讨论了银儿和普尤各自的隐喻涵义，，都有小说主题的体现。银儿成长的历程本身就是一个爱、失落、自我探寻的过程，主题隐含其中；而普尤讲故事同样在重复爱、失落、自我探寻的主题。两个隐喻不断地强化主题，而主题也在回馈它们，使得银儿和普尤的故事更具深意，引人入胜。 最后是结论部分。通过以上的论述和分析，我们可以得出这样的结论：小说的诗化语言、非线性叙事、隐喻涵义从内在上都是有关联的，它们从不同的角度去解读主题。以诗化语言阐明主题，以非线性叙事体现主题，以隐喻涵义映射主题，最终实现形式与内容、结构与主题的双重统一。为小说的理解提供更加全面的理论基础。
[Abstract]:As a famous contemporary British feminist writer, Janet Winterson is extremely complex. However, it is undeniable that her novels have attracted more and more attention. Researchers have made in-depth analysis of many aspects of her works.
< > is the lighthouse watch Winterson's eighth novel, tells the story of a son called silver between the orphan and the lighthouse keeper of the story. The blind Pew Pew is a master storyteller, kept to the silver son telling a different story, and these stories have no law intertwined with the achievements of this department novel. Scholars of the language of the novel, narrative style, image, metaphor and theme have targeted research, and this research continues. This paper will be from the perspective of narratology comprehensive poetic language of the novel, the three aspects of nonlinear narrative and metaphorical meaning of the analysis of the relevant research, and to explore the role of three and influence of the theme of the novel.
This article is divided into the introduction, the three part of the text and the conclusion.
The introductory part first introduces Winterson's writing achievements, followed by her basic life experience. Finally, it introduces the current research status of scholars, especially the analysis of the novel beacon lighthouse.
The first chapter discusses the poetic language of Winterson's novel. It is divided into three sections. The first section defines the poetic language and summarizes its features. The poetic language in the novels of Winterson poetic structure, concise sentence concise and poetic rhythm, read catchy, and poetry charm that people read feeling is not a novel, but a long narrative poem. The second section discusses the poetic language in the structure of the novel. The effect of structure of the novel < > watch lighthouse complex, as the story narrative, it is a nonlinear structure between each part of the novel was disrupted in the complex structure sequence. This novel, poetic language plays an important role, through the description of a language we can clearly understand the novel position. Moreover, some sentence patterns, clearly suggests that part of the novels of the association. The third section discusses the poetic language on images. The function of image is an important element of the novel, it can help readers to understand the novel the theme in a certain degree. But some obscure novels, image description is vague, people not appreciate its artistic conception, to interpret the novel will cause great difficulties. Watch the lighthouse the inside of the image > there are many, the author portrayed in the poetic language vivid and concise, can be very easy to grasp by people, which helps to deepen the understanding of the theme of the fiction, which is a major feature of Winterson poetic language.
The second chapter discusses the application of nonlinear narrative in the novel. It is divided into three sections. The first section briefly summarizes the characteristics of nonlinear narrative. The narrative is nonlinear and linear narrative opposite way, between the beginning of the story, and the end has been disrupted the order, a few stories intertwined stories inside a story but that is not the whole story, but the story was disrupted fragments, these fragments of story together constitute the whole story. The second section discusses the nonlinear structure of Winterson using nonlinear narrative. Winterson using non linear narrative structure has three main considerations, one is to show their natural language, with poetic language you can attract the attention of readers, so that they ignore the narrative structure of attention, pay more attention to the language of the novel itself; one is to show their stories The means, even if the story is interrupted, the scattered fragments, Winterson can put them together, the story is complete; finally through this subversive narrative style from different aspects to reveal the themes, to express their deep meaning in the story fragments. The third section discussed. The narrative of the pursuit of unity. The nonlinear narrative, although the story is displayed in the form of fragments, but they are unified. One aspect is the narrator to achieve a unified, there are two narrators in the novel: the silver son, her story; the pew, silver just about the lighthouse, lighthouse master duck and jasmine, Bible stories and stories of historical figures. The novels of the first half, the Pew story in quotes inside, and silver story without the quotes, it is the main line, but behind, quotes all disappeared, so Silver voice with the voice of the Pew mixed together, don't know each other, actually achieve unity. The narrator's novels on the other hand a unified theme, in nonlinear narrative, the story of the fragment, but which contains the theme of unity, they are talking about love, loss and explore in this theme, they achieve unity.
The third chapter discusses the meaning of the metaphor in the narrative. It is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the heroine's metaphorical meaning of silver. How special a few of literal silver name in the novel interpretation and comes with the story, according to the characteristics: Ninety-five percent silver light it emits from the reflection it is a safe, can swallow the precious metal. Through the explanation of the literal meaning, and then focus on silver in the novel, we can interpret her metaphor meaning: on behalf of those who have the potential to be saved, devout pilgrims, through the guide, to get a new life. The second section discusses the metaphorical implication of theblind pew in the narrative, he usually coincides with the lighthouse. In a sense, he is a lighthouse, giving people light, guide people out of trouble; he guided by stories of silver growth, he is a pilgrimage 鑰呬紶杈句俊鎭�鐨勪娇�

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