自我放逐中身份困境：后殖民理论下奈保尔近作《半生》及《魔种》研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 16:41

本文选题：奈保尔　切入点：自我放逐　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：奈保尔（V. S. Naipaul），2001年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，，曾被《纽约时报》誉为“世界作家、语言大师、眼光独到的小说奇才”。他在2001年及2004年分别出版了《半生》（Half a Life）和《魔种》（Magic Seeds）两部作品，被认为是其封笔之作，受到广泛关注。这两部作品以类似上下部的形式分别讲述了主人公威利前半生与后半生如何在“自我放逐”过程中追寻自身身份，并最终认清现实：理想主义并不存在，家难找、根难寻，身份对于他这种前殖民地人民来说是一个流动性概念，他无法获得单一身份。奈保尔用他的作品批判了前殖民地印度的偏狭、英国帝国主义国家的虚伪，同时也用他的作品体现了他这类人在确定自身身份时的迷茫与无奈。论文核心内容主要分为三个部分：第一章研究主人公威利第一次“自我放逐”：由印度至英国。在流亡的过程中，威利的身份第一次发生流变。种姓制度，作为印度社会中的痼疾，使威利自年幼起便对其民族文化产生负面情绪。父母跨种姓通婚给他带来的耻辱使他深刻认识到印度现存等级制度的愚昧与落后；童年家庭生活的不和谐使他开始向往书本中被美化的那种父母慈祥子女贴心的欧美家庭生活。因此，他排斥印度文化的一切，包括其精神及语言，试图用英国文化武装自己。本文认为威利并没有正确认识其母国文化，通过“自我放逐”发生文化融合只会使其身份发生流变，但不会助其摆脱固有身份。第二章研究主人公威利两次“自我放逐”：由英国至非洲复又辗转德国柏林。这时，威利的身份再次发生流变。在试图融入英国文化的过程中，威利遭受种族歧视，并感到与英国文化价值观的格格不入，威利故而辗转非洲，试图回归殖民地生活。在殖民者文化与殖民地文化冲突的非洲，已兼具两重文化身份的威利错误地将自己划归殖民者阵营，这使得他与当地反抗殖民者势力产生激烈冲突，最终不得不前往柏林。此时他选择逃避现实，害怕再一次历经错误的身份认同。本文认为威利心存远大理想，但缺乏实际行动与抗争勇气，在流亡过程中无法认清自身身份的流动性。第三章研究主人公威利的“回归”与最后一次“自我放逐”。前几次“自我放逐”带来的挫败感使威利开始重新思考祖国印度的现状及出路，决定以拯救者的身份回归祖国，帮助祖国摆脱殖民者统治。但是激进分子因为为满足私欲组织的革命使他再一次陷入对自己半生辗转旅程价值的思考。无奈之下，他通过“自我放逐”重回伦敦。这一次，他因为小说创作被英国上流社会所追捧，但是这样获得的认同感是虚幻的，他不会因此成为真正的英国人。本文认为，在殖民与被殖民的世界中，威利一直抱有理想的世界观，试图确立单一身份是不切实际的。在与多种文化不断冲突与融合的过程中，其身份一直在发生变化。本论文的研究指出：后殖民状态生存下的前殖民地人民想要通过“自我放逐”摆脱母国文化融入其他文化以确立全新身份。然而，他们并没有认识到由多种因素共同构成的身份是不会因为文化环境的变化而被彻底摆脱。“自我放逐”只会使身份发生流变。本文的结论是，后殖民困境中，前殖民地人民最终获得的将会是杂糅身份。
[Abstract]:Naipaul (V. S. Naipaul), who won the Nobel prize in 2001, was known as the "world's New York Times < > writer, master of language, vision novel wizards." he published respectively in 2001 and 2004 "life > (Half a Life) and < > (Magic Seeds) for the two works. Is the last novel, attracted widespread attention. These two works in a similar form of upper and lower respectively tells the story of the hero Wiley and the rest of life to pursue their own identity in the" self exile "in the process, and finally realize the reality: idealism does not exist in the home, to find the root, it is hard to find, for identity he is the former colonial people is a concept of liquidity, he can not get a single identity. Naipaul criticized the former colony of India provincial in his works, the British imperialist countries of hypocrisy, but also with his works reflects his kind in To determine the confusion and helplessness of your own identity.
The core content of the thesis is mainly divided into three parts: the first chapter of the protagonist Wiley first "self exile from India to England. Wiley in exile in the process, the identity of the first flow occurred. The caste system, as a chronic illness in India society, Wiley young has a negative emotion on the nation culture. Parents cross caste marriages brought him shame his profound understanding of the existing India hierarchy of ignorance and backwardness; childhood family disharmony that he began to yearn for a kind of books that beautify children were caring parents and family life in Europe and America. Therefore, all his rejection of the culture of India, including its spirit and try to use their own language, the British armed forces. The author thinks that Wiley is not a correct understanding of the native culture, through the" self exile "cultural integration will only make the identity change, but not Will help them get rid of the inherent identity. The second chapter studies the protagonist Wiley two "self exile from Britain to Africa and around Berlin in Germany. At this time, Wiley's identity again in an attempt to integrate with the culture changes. In the process, Wiley suffered from racial discrimination, and feel with the cultural value of Britain's view of the misfits, and Wiley after trying to return to Africa, colonial life. In colonial culture and colonial culture conflicts in Africa, has been with dual cultural identity of Wiley mistakenly classified themselves colonists camp, which he and the local rebel colonists forces confrontation, finally had to go to Berlin. At this time he chose to escape, fear again after false identity. The author thinks that Wiley have lofty ideals, but the lack of practical action and fighting courage, unable to recognize their own identity in exile in the process of flow The third chapter studies. The hero of Wiley's "return" and the last "self exile". Several times before the self exile of frustration that Wiley began to rethink the status quo and Countermeasures of the motherland India, decided to save the identity's return to the motherland, the motherland to help get rid of colonial rule. But because the militants to meet the revolution that he desires the organization once again into consideration removed the value of their life journey. In desperation, he goes back to londonthrough self exile. This time, because of his novels by the upper class society pursued, but obtained by this identity is unreal, he will not become a real British people. This paper argues that in the colonial and colonial world, Wiley has been idealistic view of the world, trying to establish a single identity is unrealistic. In a variety of cultural conflict and integration with the time In the course of the journey, its identity has been changing.
This paper points out: the former colonial people post colonial survival status under the "self exile" want to get rid of the parent culture into other cultures in order to establish a new identity. However, they did not realize that the common identity is constituted by a variety of factors will not change because of cultural environment and is completely out of "self exile". Will only make the identity change. The conclusion is that postcolonial dilemma, former colonial people will finally realize their hybrid identity.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.06

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