《心灵之罪》与《晚安，妈妈》的比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 14:19

本文选题：贝斯·亨利　切入点：玛莎·诺曼　出处：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贝思·亨利和玛莎·诺曼是美国当代剧坛中两位成功的女性剧作家。凭借各自的作品《心灵之罪》和《晚安，妈妈》，她们于二十世纪后半叶奠定了各自在美国剧坛中的较高地位。二十世纪是美国女性戏剧发展的重要阶段，其文学创作日臻成熟。在众多的女性剧作家中，贝斯·亨利和玛莎·诺曼是其中的杰出代表。贝斯·亨利于1981年荣获普利策戏剧奖，仅仅两年之后，玛莎·诺曼又获此殊荣。从此，两位女性剧作家在百老汇赢得了一席之地，并且打破了男性剧作家一统戏剧舞台的局面。贝斯·亨利的《心灵之罪》和玛莎·诺曼的《晚安，妈妈》是各自最有名的作品。《心灵之罪》讲述了玛格丽特姐妹面对父权制压迫和社会偏见，从顺从到觉醒，最终团结起来奋起反抗的故事。《晚安，妈妈》则讲述了一对母女，塞尔玛和杰西所处的最后一晚。在这一晚，女儿杰西向母亲宣告了自杀的决定，母亲经过了各种尝试却未能挽回她的生命。两位女性剧作家都来自于美国南方，其作品既有相同点也有各自特色。本文拟从主题、背景和创作模式三个角度对《心灵之罪》和《晚安，妈妈》做比较研究。除了引言和结论部分，本文共分三个部分。第一章节讨论了两部作品中对女性关系的共同关怀。这一章分为两小节。第一小节论述了《晚安，妈妈》中的母女关系。这部戏剧消解了传统的母女之间的伦常关系，构建了以母女平等地位为基础的新的母女关系。第二节论述了《心灵之罪》中的姐妹情谊。这部戏剧颠覆了父权制主导下的传统的姐妹关系，歌颂了伴随着风起云涌的女性运动发展而来的真正的姐妹情谊。两部作品展现出女性关系由分离走向结合的趋势，，以及对女性自主自立意识的共同关注。第二章节讨论了两位剧作家不同的创作背景。第一节论述了《心灵之罪》的地域性特征。贝斯·亨利的家乡，密西西比河流域，对她的写作有重大影响，也是其哥特式写作风格的灵感来源。此外，贝斯·亨利继承了美国南方文学传统中对家庭的关注，着重描写南方女性由传统的南方淑女逐渐转变为敢于挑战社会不公和偏见的现代女性。与贝斯·亨利执着于南方背景以及南方传统形成鲜明对比，玛莎·诺曼试图超越南方地域的局限来表现日常生活中人们的生存境遇。因而，第二小节论述了《晚安，妈妈》中的普世性特征。《晚安，妈妈》不是只在关注女性生存，而是将重点放在现代生活中人类的生存困境。剧中主人公杰西努力探寻生活的意义，最终以自己的方式对生存意义作出阐释。这部戏剧旨在促使人们思考生活的真正意义。第三章节谈论了两部作品中对不同创作模式的尝试。第一小节论述了《心灵之罪》中的传统现实主义喜剧色彩。贝斯·亨利用传统现实主义戏剧手法对作品中的人物、语言、环境、结构和主题进行创作。虽然三姐妹的生存仍然依赖于父权制社会，整个戏剧仍然在喜气洋洋的气氛中结束，因为她们的团聚让她们有勇气度过最坏的日子。第二小节论述了《晚安，妈妈》中的新现实主义悲剧倾向。虽然杰西的选择看起来是消极的而且屈从于命运，她控制自己命运的意愿确是令人敬佩和悲壮的。玛莎诺曼用杰西的悲剧引发人们对现代生活生存意义的深刻思考，这一点是与新现实主义的主题相契合的。通过对两部作品的对照研究可以得出，两位同时来自美国南方的剧作家选择用不同的戏剧模式来表现她们对女性关系以及女性生存境遇的关注。她们坚守南方传统以及尝试跨越地域限制探索普世意义的努力令其极具特色。因而，两位剧作家的创作不仅为女性主义戏剧而且为整个美国文学作出了独特贡献。
[Abstract]:Beth Henry and Martha Norman are two successful women in contemporary American playwrights theatre. By virtue of their works "crimes of the heart" and "good night, Mom", they laid their American theater in high status in the second half of the twentieth Century. Twentieth Century is an important stage of American female drama development, his literary creation has matured. Among the many female playwrights, Beth Henry and Martha Norman is one of the outstanding representatives. In 1981 Beth Henry won the Pulitzer prize for drama, only two years later, Martha Norman also won the award. Since then, the two female playwright has won a space for one person on Broadway, and broke the male playwrights theatre dominate the situation.
Beth Henry's "crimes of the heart > and Martha Norman's" good night, Mom "is their most famous works. Crimes of the heart > tells the story of Margaret sisters face the oppression of patriarchy and social prejudice, from submission to the final awakening, unite to resist the story. Good night, Mom" tells the story of a mother and daughter, the last later Thelma and Jesse's daughter. On this night, Jesse declared the Dutch act decided to mother, mother after various attempts failed to save her life.
The two female playwrights all come from the southern United States. Their works have their similarities and differences. This paper will compare the sins of the soul from the three angles of the theme, the background and the mode of creation.
In addition to the introduction and the conclusion part, this article is divided into three parts.
The first chapter discusses the common concern on the relationship between women in the two novels. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the "good night, mom on mother daughter relationship. The drama between the traditional and the resolution of relationships between people, to build a new foundation for equality and the relationship between mother and daughter. The second section discusses the" crimes of the heart > in the sisterhood. The drama to subvert the patriarchal tradition under the auspices of the sisterhood and praise with the women's sports development and raging like a storm of true sisterhood. Two works show a female relationship trend from separation to integration, as well as a common concern the female independent consciousness.
The second chapter discusses the two playwrights different creative background. The first section discusses the regional characteristics of crimes of the heart ". Beth Henry's hometown, the Mississippi River has great influence on her writing, but also its Gothic style inspiration. In addition, Beth Henry inherited the family's attention to the South American Literature in the tradition, focuses on the description of Southern women by traditional southern lady gradually transformed into modern women dare to challenge the social injustice and prejudice. In contrast with Beth Henry clinging to the South and southern tradition and background, Ssha Norman tried to surpass the South geographical limitations to the performance of people's daily life survival situation. Therefore, the second section discusses the" good night universal characteristics, mom. < > in the night, the mother not only in women > survival concern, but will focus on human life in the modern life In the play, Jesse, the hero, tries to explore the meaning of life, and finally interprets the meaning of existence in his own way. This drama aims at prompting people to think about the real meaning of life.
The third chapter discusses the two works to try different creation mode. The first section discusses the "crimes of the heart > in the traditional realism comedy. Beth Henry used the traditional realism drama techniques of characters, language, environment, structure and theme creation. Although the three sisters living still rely on patriarchal for the whole society, at the end of the drama still bursting with happiness atmosphere, because their reunion let them have courage through the worst days. The second section discusses the" good night, new realistic tragic mother > in the tendency. Although Jesse's choice seems to be negative and succumb to fate, she will really control their own destiny it is admirable and tragic. Martha Norman Jesse's tragedy sparked a profound reflection on modern life the meaning of life, it is a new and realistic theme fit.
Through a comparative study of the two works can be drawn, two from the United States and southern playwright use different drama pattern to express their relationship and pay attention to female living condition of women. They stick to the southern tradition and try to explore the universal significance across geographical restrictions to make it unique. Therefore, the creation of the two playwrights not only for the Feminist Drama and the American literature has made a unique contribution.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I712.073

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