以场域和惯习的角度分析《嘉莉妹妹》的结构

发布时间：2018-03-26 17:11

本文选题：场域　切入点：惯习　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：德莱塞是20世纪美国文学史上涌现出来的一位杰出的自然主义作家,他的第一部长篇小说为《嘉莉妹妹》(1900),通过农村姑娘嘉莉到芝加哥谋生而成为名演员的故事,揭露了资本主义社会繁荣外衣掩盖下的生存斗争,刻意地描写了人们在欲望和消费上的越界,以犀利的笔锋描绘了道德败坏。因而大多数批评家认为《嘉莉妹妹》宣扬的是道德败坏和人性堕落。他认为人没有选择的自由,完全受环境等因素的影响。本研究不仅有益于欣赏美国小说,而且有益于进一步了解资本主义制度和美国人民。源于法国后传入美国的自然主义认为,环境和遗传决定人的命运。自然主义小说把人类社会描述为弱肉强食的丛林,人们在丛林中为生存而挣扎。十九世纪末、二十世纪初,随着科学技术的发展、美国人民生活水平的提高、贫富悬殊加大。美国政府鼓励个人主义,提倡物质享受。有人为挤进社会精英之列而不择手段。宗教信仰与道德准则被人们所忽视。《嘉莉妹妹》揭示了德莱赛的社会觉悟,他认为嘉莉是社会的牺牲品,物质享乐主义社会应该受到谴责。本文从一个全新的社会学理论角度——场域和惯习——及社会环境以及由于社会变革而带来的价值观的变化给《嘉莉妹妹》结构所造成的影响及作者德莱赛本身性格的影响出发,分析了社会达尔文主义,消费主义,德莱塞的顺从型个性及环境决定论。
[Abstract]:Dreiser was an outstanding naturalist writer who emerged in the history of American literature in the 20th century. His first novel, Sister Carrie, was the story of Carrie coming to Chicago to make a living as an actor through a rural girl. It exposes the struggle for survival under the cloak of prosperity in capitalist society, and deliberately describes the crossing of people's desires and consumption. A sharp stroke depicts moral corruption. So most critics consider Sister Carrie to be preaching moral deterioration and human depravity. He believes that man has no freedom of choice. This study is not only beneficial to the appreciation of American novels, but also beneficial to a better understanding of the capitalist system and the American people. Naturalism, which originated in France after it was introduced into America, holds that environment and heredity determine man's fate. Naturalistic novels describe human society as the jungle of the jungle, in which people struggle to survive. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of the living standards of the American people, the gap between the rich and the poor widened. The US government encouraged individualism. Advocate material enjoyment. Some people do whatever it takes to squeeze into the elite. Religious beliefs and moral norms are ignored. Sister Carrie reveals Dreiser's social consciousness that Carrie is the victim of society and that the society of material hedonism is reprehensible. From the perspective of a new sociological theory-the field and habit-and the social environment and the changes in values brought about by social change, the influence on the structure of Sister Carrie and the influence of the author's character on Dreiser's own character are discussed in this paper. Social Darwinism, consumerism, Dreiser's submissive personality and environmental determinism are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】