卡夫卡民族认同危机

发布时间：2018-04-09 09:00

本文选题：卡夫卡　切入点：犹太民族认同　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：今天卡夫卡能够被我们认识，要感谢他一生的挚友马克斯·勃罗德，是他违背了卡夫卡的遗嘱保存了他的文字，为我们展现了一个完整的卡夫卡世界。在勃罗德眼中，卡夫卡是个“圣人”，可以成为“人类的导师”，对于卡夫卡的身份，勃罗德则认为：卡夫卡是个地道的犹太人，他的所有创作都应属于犹太文学，卡夫卡作品中的人物、情结等要素皆与犹太有着密不可分的联系。然而在其他学者眼中，卡夫卡的身份却不是如此单纯，在德国文学史中我们可以看到德国人将卡夫卡作为德语作家的典范；在捷克文学中，卡夫卡是捷克人，，是捷克作家；在犹太文学里，卡夫卡又因其犹太血统成为了犹太作家，那么卡夫卡自己对于他复杂的存在身份问题是怎么看待的，是研究卡夫卡身份问题首先要解决的疑问。但是卡夫卡本人也没有解答出这个问题。首先，身为犹太人的卡夫卡，对于犹太民族，他是不认同的，但是生长在犹太环境中的卡夫卡又无法远离，找到一个能够为自己认同的民族，这就使得卡夫卡在个人存在问题上，由民族认同危机发展到了个人认同危机，终其一生卡夫卡都在为摆脱他的存在危机所努力，同样，终其一生卡夫卡也没有找到确切的解决之路。本论文要论述的就是卡夫卡的认同危机及其在文学中的表现。首先本文将介绍卡夫卡的犹太身份及其家庭背景，在了解了卡夫卡的犹太背景后，论文的第二部分将阐述卡夫卡眼中的犹太民族.在卡夫卡看来，犹太民族有着“耗子”般的冷漠、寄居者卑微的奉迎、犹太教徒特权式的乞讨及可怕的灾难性未来。而且，从卡夫卡本人来讲，他的犹太身份也有着严重的缺失：母语为德语的犹太人、无法回归又无法远离的民族悖论及在犹太民族寻不到庇护所带来的危机感。在这一部分，通过卡夫卡眼中的犹太民族及卡夫卡犹太身份的缺失，来具体阐述卡夫卡民族认同危机的产生原因。在阐明了了卡夫卡民族身份认同问题的产生原因之后，论文将进一步探究民族身份认同问题给卡夫卡带来的影响，卡夫卡的犹太民族认同危机为他带来的是他个人身份的认同危机，这种个人身份的认同危机又给卡夫卡带来了生命存在的不确定性及对于自我归属的毕生寻找，最终卡夫卡将他这种身份认同危机、存在的不确定及对于自我归属的寻找完全地展示在他的文学作品中，这也就是现代主义之父卡夫卡现代主题的产生根源——“自我寻找”，在卡夫卡的作品中，我们到处可以寻见“自我寻找”、“生存的不确定”的影子，而卡夫卡最被人热议的现代性特点，荒诞及异化也同样源于此。综上所述，现代主义大师卡夫卡对于自己民族身份的认同危机带来了他的个人生存危机，这种个人生存危机使他的存在充满了不确定性，为了摆脱这种危机，卡夫卡一生致力于找到归处，寻找自我，这也就是卡夫卡作品中现代性主题的产生根源，即由认同危机带来的荒诞世界与异化人生。
[Abstract]:Kafka today were we able to understand, thanks to his friend Max Brod, he is against Kafka's will save his text, show a complete Kafka world for us. In the eyes of Brod, Kafka is a "sage" can become "human tutor", for the identity of Kafka, Brod is that Kafka is a native of the Jews, all of his works should belong to the Jewish literature, the characters of the works of Kafka and other elements are complex had a close relationship with the Jewish. However he in the eyes of scholars, Kafka's identity is not so simple, in the history of German literature we can see Kafka as the Germans model of German writer; in Czech literature, Kafka is the people of Czech, is a Czech writer; in Jewish literature, Kafka also because of its Jewish become The Jewish writer, so Kafka have their own identity for him is to look at how complex, is the study of Kafka identity problem first to solve the question. But Kafka did not answer this question. First of all, as a Jew, Kafka, for the Jewish people, he is not recognized, but the growth in the Jewish environment Kafka is not far from, one can find their national identity, which makes Kafka in personal problems, the crisis of national identity to the development of the personal identity crisis, the end of his life Kafka in order to get rid of his existence crisis efforts, similarly, throughout his life, Kafka also did not find the exact solution the road. The identity crisis discussed in this article is Kafka and its performance in the literature.
First we will introduce Kafka's Jewish identity and family background, in the understanding of Kafka's Jewish background, the second part of the paper describes Kafka in the eyes of the Jewish nation. In Kafka's opinion, the Jewish people have a "mouse" like apathy, Sojourner humble act, Jews privileged begging and catastrophic terrible the future. Moreover, from Kafka himself, his Jewish identity also has a serious flaw: native German Jewish nation, and not far from the paradox cannot return and in the Jewish nation to seek asylum brings a sense of crisis. In this part, the lack of the Jewish people and Jewish identity in the eyes of Kafka Kafka the reasons for Kafka to elaborate national identity crisis.
After expounding the causes of Kafka's national identity issues, will further explore the influence of ethnic identity brought to Kafka, Kafka's Jewish identity crisis brought him the identity crisis of his personal identity, personal identity and identity crisis that brought Kafka uncertainty and for life life in search of self attribution, Kafka eventually will be his identity crisis, uncertainty and for self attribution fully displayed in his literary works, which is also the father of modernism of Kafka modern theme origins: "self seeking" in Kafka's works, we can find "self seeking" everywhere, "the survival of the uncertainty of the shadow, and Kafka is the most characteristic of modern people is hot, absurdity and alienation also This is the source of this.
In summary, the modernist master Kafka identity crisis for their national identity has brought his personal survival crisis, the individual survival crisis makes his existence is full of uncertainty, in order to get rid of the crisis, Kafka devoted his life to find the place, for me, this is the modern theme in Kafka's works from the origin of identity the crisis brought about by the absurd world and alienation of life.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I521.074

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