由作品《心》考察明治时代孤独的知识分子

发布时间：2018-04-18 03:18

本文选题：夏目漱石 + 知识分子　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：夏目漱石是日本近代文学的巨擘，一生中创作了大量优秀作品，对日本近代文学及思想产生了深刻影响。国内外对其作品的研究成果，数量之多内涵之丰富，可谓无人媲美。纵观夏目漱石作品，其小说中被塑造的主要人物形象往往是知识分子这一点是不得不承认的事。知识分子作为一个社会中具有特殊意义的群体，有着敏锐的感受性和深刻的思考力。尤其是日本明治社会，东西文化交错，新旧思想更迭，各种理念和文明的冲突，传统伦理与自我觉醒的矛盾，这种特殊时代下的知识分子身上也出现了明治知识人独有的特征。在明治时代的不同阶段，知识分子在社会上的存在方式及特征也发生变化。《心》这部小说中登场的主要人物“先生”和K正是第三个阶段中的孤独的知识分子形象。“先生”有着一套严整的伦理观。“先生”的伦理观一方面以明治传统道德为基础，信奉德义、真理、追求精神高洁，另一方面又因为曾被叔父欺骗而产生了对别人的怀疑和警戒。“先生”的伦理观是有着明显的闭塞性和内向性。这种闭塞性在与静的恋爱过程得到深刻体现。本论文在这部分详细分析了“先生”在与静关系中他独特的伦理观的体现和心理发展过程。 K是明治社会中宗教思想浓烈的知识分子形象。他将“求道”作为自己的追求，断绝社交，埋头于修行。但是因为静的出现，让他认识到自己作为人类的弱点和丑恶，，违背了自己的初衷，陷入孤独痛苦的境地，最后自杀寻求解脱。 “先生”和K都是因为自己精神内部的冲突无法解决，陷入孤独境地的知识分子形象。本稿就其内部思想冲突的葛藤进行了详细分析和论证。将夏目漱石其他作品中的知识分子进行分析归类，可以发现造成知识分子精神孤独的冲突种类有三种：个人理想与社会现实的冲突；个人爱情与世俗道德的冲突；个人道德内部发生的冲突。通过论述可以得出结论，《心》中的“先生”和K正是因为个人道德内部发生的冲突而导致的孤独。夏目漱石刻画孤独知识分子形象与其人生经历及思想有着深刻联系。本稿最后一章结合作者夏目漱石的生活经历和所受东西文明思想冲突进行分析。
[Abstract]:Natsumi Shu-shih is a great power of modern Japanese literature, who has created a large number of excellent works in his life, which has exerted a profound influence on Japanese modern literature and thought.Domestic and foreign research on his works, the number of connotations of the rich, can be described as no one comparable.Throughout Natsuke's works, the main characters in his novels are often intellectuals, which has to be acknowledged.As a group with special significance in society, intellectuals have keen feeling and deep thinking ability.In particular, the Meiji society in Japan, the East and West cultures interlaced, the new and old ideas changing, the conflicts of various ideas and civilizations, the contradiction between traditional ethics and self-awakening, the intellectuals in this special era also appeared the unique characteristics of Meiji intellectuals.In different stages of Meiji era, the way and characteristics of intellectuals' existence in society also changed.The main characters in the novel, "Mr." and "K", are the lonely intellectuals in the third stage.Sir has a set of strict ethics.On the one hand, the ethics of "sir" is based on Meiji's traditional morality, believing in virtue and truth, pursuing the spirit of cleanness, on the other hand, the suspicion and vigilance of others have arisen because of being deceived by uncle.Sir's ethics has obvious obfuscation and introversion.This closeness is deeply reflected in the process of being in love with quiet.In this part, the author analyzes in detail the embodiment and psychological development of his unique ethics in his relationship with static.K is the image of intellectuals with strong religious thoughts in Meiji society.He sought the Tao as his own pursuit, cut off social intercourse and buried his head in spiritual practice.But because of the presence of quiet, he realized his weakness and ugliness as a human being, went against his original intention, fell into a lonely and painful situation, and finally committed suicide to seek relief.Both Sir and K are intellectuals who fall into a lonely situation because their inner conflicts of spirit can not be resolved.This draft has carried on the detailed analysis and the demonstration to its internal thought conflict Pueraria.By analyzing and classifying the intellectuals in Natalie's other works, we can find that there are three kinds of conflicts that cause intellectual's spiritual loneliness: the conflict between individual ideal and social reality, the conflict between personal love and secular morality, and the conflict between individual love and secular morality.An internal conflict of personal morality.The conclusion can be drawn from the argumentation that the "sir" and "K" in the mind are the solitude caused by the internal conflict of personal morality.Natsumi's portrayal of lonely intellectuals is deeply related to his life experience and thoughts.The last chapter is based on the author's life experience and the conflicts between eastern and western civilizations.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I313.074

【相似文献】