拉康凝视理论视域下《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中的贵族慈善研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 07:09

本文选题：简·奥斯丁 + 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》　；参考：《燕山大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：简·奥斯丁的经典之作《曼斯菲尔德庄园》以贵族的慈善施为作为叙述主线，以女主人公范妮的欲望凝视之眼细腻呈现了18世纪末19世纪初英国转型期贵族青年男女的恋爱纠葛与乡绅人家的日常生活状态，揭示作者对平等互利慈善的呼吁、对殖民活动的批判、对传统道德的缅怀等。然而国内外对《曼斯菲尔德庄园》乃至简·奥斯丁小说的研究大多以婚恋主题、人物刻画等为主，鲜少谈及小说中的慈善论题，更勿论从凝视角度解读、进而揭示小说中诸种贵族慈善的本质及其动态变迁。基于以上认知，本论文借助于拉康的欲望性凝视、凝视的双向互动以及凝视的功效，从慈善的来源、施为过程和结果三个层面解读《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中传统贵族和新兴贵族慈善施为的表征、本质及异同，以揭示奥斯丁对于慈善本质的思考，继而探索她对18世纪末19世纪初英国转型期社会变迁的认知与态度。具体而言，本论文首先从小说中慈善接受者、施行者以及隐含作者的凝视来分析传统贵族慈善的殖民色彩、不平等性和互利性，然后通过小说中慈善接受者、施行者以及隐含作者的凝视分析新兴贵族慈善的殖民色彩、功利性、不平等性和互利性，进而对两种贵族慈善的本质及特点进行比较和分析，以揭示简·奥斯丁对慈善本质的思考、对英国转型期社会变迁的认知。研究发现，18世纪末19世纪初，随着工业化进程的发展，英国贵族慈善施行者的构成及其施行目的正在悄然发生着变化：严重依赖农业经济的传统贵族为维护其基于强烈社会身份责任感的慈善施为，开始寻找新的慈善施为经济来源——殖民地；与此同时，，带有浓郁资本功利主义色彩的新兴贵族慈善正在兴起，并呈较传统贵族慈善施为更为有效的趋势。正是在呈现这一变化的过程中，简·奥斯丁对传统慈善道德的乡愁思绪依稀可见，而她对慈善伦理的认知即慈善施为双方的平等互利关系亦被清楚揭示出来。本论文以拉康的凝视理论作为理论基础与研究策略，对《曼斯菲尔德庄园》中贵族慈善的表征、变迁情况及其本质进行研究，期望能拓宽、拓深对这一小说的研究，并为奥斯丁的研究打开一个新视角，与此同时也期望能为拉康凝视理论在文学研究应用领域的可行性提供力证。
[Abstract]:Jane Austen's classic Mansfield Abbey takes the charity of the aristocrats as the narrative thread. The eyes of the heroine Fanny's desire to gaze delicately present the love entanglement between young men and women of the aristocrat and the gentry's daily life at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century in Britain, revealing the author's appeal for equality and mutual benefit. Criticism of colonial activities, nostalgia for traditional morality and so on. However, domestic and foreign studies on Mansfield Abbey and Jane Austen's novels mostly focus on the theme of love and marriage, portrayal of characters and so on, and seldom talk about the topic of charity in the novel, let alone the interpretation from the angle of gaze. Then it reveals the nature and dynamic changes of various noble philanthropy in the novel. On the basis of the above cognition, this paper, with the aid of Lacan's desire gaze, the two-way interaction of gaze and the efficacy of gaze, from the source of charity, In order to reveal Austen's thinking on the essence of charity, the author interprets the representation, essence and similarities and differences between the traditional aristocrats and the new aristocracy in Mansfield Manor from the three aspects of the process and the result of giving. Then she explores her cognition and attitude to the social changes in Britain in the late 18 th century and the early 19 th century. Specifically, this paper first analyzes the colonial color, inequality and mutual benefit of the traditional aristocratic charity from the gaze of the philanthropic receiver, the executor and the implied author in the novel, and then analyzes the philanthropic recipient through the novel. This paper analyzes the colonial color, utilitarianism, inequality and mutual benefit of the new aristocratic charity, and then makes a comparison and analysis of the essence and characteristics of the two kinds of aristocratic charity. In order to reveal Jane Austen's thinking about the nature of charity and the social changes in the transition period of England. The study found that the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, with the development of industrialization, The composition and purpose of the British aristocratic philanthropists are quietly changing: the traditional aristocrats, who rely heavily on the agricultural economy to maintain their charity based on a strong sense of social identity, At the same time, the new aristocratic charity with a strong capital-utilitarian color is emerging, and it is more effective than the traditional aristocratic charity. It is in the process of presenting this change that Jane Austen's nostalgia for the traditional charity morality can be seen, and her understanding of charity ethics, that is, the equal and mutually beneficial relationship between the two sides, has also been clearly revealed. Taking Lacan's staring theory as the theoretical basis and research strategy, this paper studies the representation, vicissitude and nature of aristocratic charity in Mansfield Manor, hoping to broaden and deepen the study of this novel. It also opens up a new perspective for Austin's research and at the same time hopes to prove the feasibility of Lacan's gazing theory in the field of literary research and application.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074

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