弥尔顿《失乐园》中撒旦形象的复杂性研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 01:30

本文选题：撒旦 + 多面的　；参考：《西南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：撒旦是弥尔顿《失乐园》中最具争议的人物,几百年来唯撒旦派和反撒旦派就为撒旦的形象争论不休,至今也没得到共识。两派各执撒口.形象的一方面而争论,唯撒旦派认为撒旦是个敢于反抗上帝暴政的反叛英雄,而反撒口.派把撒口.认作是一个诱惑人类堕落、彻头彻尾的恶魔。这两派各执一词有走了极端之嫌,此后应运而生的两重撒旦派虽说顾及了撒旦形象的矛盾性,但是总不能令人信服,因为他们通常是把弥尔顿在创作时有意识和无意识两种互逆流向引入到评论,认为弥尔顿有意识的把撒旦写成恶魔,但是无意识的加入自己感情把撒口旦写成了英雄。作者已作占,这种说法再无法得证。亦或是把整部史诗分成英雄史诗和人类堕落两部分来评论,认为在前一部反抗上帝时撒旦是英雄,而在后一部引诱人类堕落时撒口.是恶魔,这种人为的把整部史诗断裂成两部的行为也让人难以接受。诸多对撒口.形象的争论,都没有把撒旦作为一个统一的整体来解读,这就成了本文所要弥补的欠缺和尝试解决的问题。本文从系统论的整体性原则分析研究撒旦的形象,力图把撒旦这个形象的复杂性作个深入的分析,体现出多面的撒旦这个形象的艺术价值。撒旦是个很丰满、复杂、多面的圆形人物,其多面性和复杂性体现在诡辩的撒旦、多变的撒旦、反复无常的撒旦、矛盾的撒旦等方面。导论部分简述了唯撒旦、反撒旦、两重撒旦派对《失乐园》中这个极具争议的撒旦形象的不同理解,分析了这些评论家对撒旦形象进行的文献综述。并简要介绍了系统论的整体性原则，，并在其基础上提出了本文的研究视角。正文的第一章分析有着非凡口才的诡辩的撒旦形象,基于撒旦在史诗中所做的儿次讲话。撒旦是个语言大师,既能讲豪言壮语鼓舞士气的语言,也擅长甜言蜜语诱惑人类堕落的谎言。在追随他的天使们面前,撒旦的豪言壮语能够鼓舞他们振作精神重新起来战斗,不乏英雄气；而在诱惑夏娃吃禁果时,撒旦所讲的甜言蜜语充满了欺骗,全显的是奸诈狡猾骗子的嘴脸。这截然不同的诡辩的语言使得撒旦这个形象极显复杂性。第二章解读有着各种各样变化的外形的多变的撒旦形象。撒旦从一个高贵的大天使的形象到最后一条吃苦灰的大蛇,其外形的变化是逐步的。借助巫术,撒旦伪装成年轻的小天使欺骗过大天使尤烈尔,变成面目可憎的蟾蜍对梦中的夏娃下毒手,后又变成满嘴甜言蜜语的蛇诱惑夏娃吃了禁果违反了上帝的旨意,最后他的下场就是永身做蛇的样子。这外形的千变万化使得撒旦这个形象极具欺骗性和迷惑性,混淆了读者的视听,让读者眼花缭乱,产生迷惑,难以把握。第三章研究反复无常的撒旦形象。撒旦有着纠结复杂的情感,主要是撒旦对上帝和人类的态度。对上帝既爱又恨,恨他传位于子于是愤而反抗,爱他有恩于己而反省自己以怨报德。对人类既嫉妒又怜爱,嫉妒人类在乐园的快乐生活而想毁坏他们的一切,又怜爱他们单纯无辜。各种错综纠结的情感让撒旦这个形象具有丰富复杂的内心世界,有着丰富的心理和复杂的感情活动。第四章解析有着两面品质的矛盾的撒旦形象。撒旦的品质是善还是恶正是唯撒旦派和反撒旦派争论的焦点。不管基于什么原因,敢于第一个起来反抗上帝,做第一个吃螃蟹的人,必定是具有英雄气质的,而在反抗失败后没有丧失斗志反而更具战斗精神,更彰显了撒旦的英雄品质。而撒旦自己说过“行善绝不是我们的任务,做恶才是我们唯一的乐事”,这成了撒旦是恶的强而有力的证据。伊丽莎白时期戏剧里人物就已盛行善恶混杂的理念,弥尔顿未必没受影响而把撒旦也写成善恶混杂的形象,善恶混杂的撒旦形象更具复杂性而充满吸引力。本文的结论部分总结分析了多面的和复杂的撒旦性形象,诡辩的撒旦、多变的撒旦、反复无常的撒旦、矛盾的撒旦让撒旦这个形象极具复杂性和多面性,形成的整体性使得撒旦形象充满魅力而影响至今。希望通过此视角对撒旦形象的解读,有助于对《失乐园》和撒旦形象更深一步的研究。
[Abstract]:Satan is the most controversial figure in Milton's paradise lost. For centuries, the Satan and anti satanic groups have been debating the image of Satan, and so far there is no consensus. The two factions have argued on the one side of the image. Satan thinks Satan is a rebellious hero who dares to resist the tyranny of God. Being a demon that enticed human degeneration and downright demons. The two factions have been extreme. The two satanic groups, which have since taken into account the contradiction of Satan's image, are always unconvincing, because they usually introduce the two kinds of consciousness and unconsciousness in the creation of Milton into the commentary. It is considered that Milton consciously writes Satan into a demon, but unconsciously joins his feelings and writes Satan into a hero. The author has made up, and the whole epic is divided into two parts of the heroic epic and the human fall, that Satan is a hero in the first rebellion and in the latter part. It is a demon to seduce the fall of the human being. It is a demon, and it is difficult to accept the human act of breaking the whole epic into two parts. The argument about the image of the Satan has not interpreted Satan as a unified whole, which is a problem to be made up and tried to solve in this article.
This article analyses the image of Satan from the holistic principle of system theory and tries to make an in-depth analysis of the complexity of Satan's image, reflecting the artistic value of the image of the multifaceted Satan. Satan is a full, complex, and multifaceted round figure whose multifaceted and complex nature is reflected in the sophistry Satan, the changeable Satan, and the repetition. The impermanence of Satan, the contradictory Satan, and other aspects.
The introduction gives a brief account of the different understandings of Satan, anti Satan, and the controversial Satan image in paradise lost in the two Satan parties, analyses the literature review of these critics on Satan's image, and briefly introduces the holistic principles of the system theory, and puts forward the research perspective on the basis of it.
The first chapter of the text analyzes Satan's image of sophistry with extraordinary eloquence, based on Satan's speech in the epic. Satan is a master of language, a language that speaks both heroic and inspiring morale, and is also good at sweet words to seduce human decadent lies. In the presence of his days, Satan's rhetoric inspires him. In the spirit of spirit again, there is no lack of heroism; and when tempting Eve to eat the forbidden fruit, Satan's honeyed words are full of deceit, full of deceit and cunning deceitful cheats. This distinct sophistry language makes Satan a very complex image.
The second chapter interprets the changeable Satan image of all kinds of changes. Satan's appearance from a noble Archangel to the last of the last snakes is gradual. With the witchcraft, Satan disguised as a young angel and deceit the archangel, and turned into an ugly toad on Eve's Eve. In the end, the snake tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit in violation of the will of God, and finally his fate was to be a snakes, which made the image of Satan extremely deceptive and confusing, confused the readers, dazzled, confused, and difficult to grasp.
The third chapter studies the capricious Satan image. Satan has a complicated and complicated emotion, mainly Satan's attitude to God and man. He loves and hate God, hates him to be indignant and rebellious, and loves him to reflect on himself. He is jealous and pitiful to mankind, jealous of the happy life of the human being in paradise and want to destroy it. All of them and their innocent innocence. A variety of entangled emotions make the image of Satan have a rich complex inner world, rich psychological and complex emotional activities.
The fourth chapter analyzes the image of Satan with two contradictory qualities. Satan's quality is good or evil is the focus of the Satan and anti Satanism. Whatever the reason, the first to stand up against God, to be the first to eat crabs, must be heroic, and do not lose the fight after the defeat. More fighting spirit shows the character of Satan's hero. Satan himself said that "doing good is not our task, that doing evil is our only joy", which is the strong and powerful evidence of Satan's evil. In the Elizabeth period, the characters in the drama have prevailed in the miscellaneous ideas of good and evil, and Milton may not be affected without being affected. Dan also writes a mixture of good and evil. The image of Satan mixed with good and evil is more complex and attractive.
The conclusion of this article summarizes and analyzes the multifaceted and complex Satan image, the sophistry Satan, the changeable Satan, the capricious Satan, the contradictory Satan that makes Satan's image extremely complex and multifaceted, and the integrity of Satan makes the image of Satan full of charm to the present. Reading helps to further study the image of Paradise Lost and Satan.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.072

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