论撒旦文学形象的演变及其深层寓意

发布时间：2018-05-01 23:06

本文选题：撒旦 + 原型　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：一直以来,撒旦都是西方文化中的一个重要“人物”。不管是在伦理层面还是人性方面,他都被定性为负面和否定。尽管在实际生活中,魔鬼撒旦不存在,但他作为一个原型,一个文化符号,却真实的存在于不同的文学世界中。从中世纪但丁的《神曲》、17世纪弥尔顿的《失乐园》、18世纪歌德的《浮士德》、19世纪莱蒙托夫的《恶魔》到20世纪布尔加尔科夫的《大师与玛格丽特》,撒旦形象经历了一系列的演变。但丁的《神曲》沿袭了圣经文学的传统,将撒旦定义为上帝的对立面；弥尔顿的《失乐园》则首次突破宗教的局限,将撒旦打造成一个高傲的勇士和积极的反叛者；《浮士德》中的撒旦则凝结了人性的种种矛盾,成为人类史上第一个作恶造善者；莱蒙托夫笔下的《恶魔》则敢于否定一切,敢于冲突世俗的传统大胆的追求幸福和爱情；而《大师与玛格丽特》中的撒旦则颠覆着之前所有的撒旦形象,成为世界的惩恶扬善者。在这一系列的演变中,撒旦形象不仅实现了对恶原型的顺向发展,反向增值和善恶兼备及转换三种转变方式,并且呈现出撒旦诱惑者和反叛者、诱惑者和试炼者、审判者和拷问者三种身份的完美转换。在这一系列的演变背后,撒旦的形象呈现出丰富的多面立体,渐渐偏离了被恶魔化的目的,成为一种人性的内在部分和固有成分。人类绝对不可能完全彻底的摒弃撒旦,而使自己成为完全。完整的人性是复杂的是矛盾的,是在上帝和撒旦之间徘徊前进的,过多的偏向上帝或者撒旦,对人性来说都是一种摧残一种破坏。
[Abstract]:Satan has always been an important figure in Western culture. Both in ethics and in human nature, he is characterized as negative and negative. Although Satan does not exist in real life, he exists as a prototype, a cultural symbol, in a different literary world. From the medieval Dante's Divine Comedy to the 17th century Milton's Paradise lost, the 18th century Goethe's Faust, the 19th century Lemontov's Demons, and the 20th century Bulgarkov's Master and Marguerite, Satan's image has undergone a series of changes. Dante's Divine Comedy follows the tradition of biblical literature, defining Satan as the opposite of God, while Milton's Paradise lost breaks through religious limitations for the first time. Make Satan a proud warrior and an active rebel; Satan in Faust condenses the contradictions of human nature and becomes the first evil to create good in human history; the devil in Lemontov's works dares to deny everything. Dares to conflict with worldly traditions and boldly pursue happiness and love, while the Master and Marguerite Satan subverts all previous Satan images and becomes the world's punishment for the good. In this series of changes, Satan's image not only realizes the development of evil archetypes, but also shows three transformation modes: reverse appreciation, good and evil, and presents Satan seducers and rebels, seducers and experimenters. The perfect transformation of the three identities of the judge and the torturer. Behind this series of evolution, Satan's image presents rich multi-dimensional, gradually deviates from the goal of being demonic, and becomes an intrinsic part and inherent component of human nature. It is absolutely impossible for man to completely abandon Satan and make himself perfect. The whole human nature is complex and contradictory, is wandering between God and Satan, too much favor to God or Satan, is a kind of destruction to human nature.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I106

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