论伍尔夫雌雄同体理论的矛盾性

发布时间：2018-05-03 02:41

本文选题：伍尔夫 + 雌雄同体　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：伍尔夫被奉为女性主义的先驱,因为在许多作品中她描述了女性的悲惨境遇,抨击了导致男女不平等的父权制度。特别是在其女性主义代表作—《一间自己的房间》中,她探索了不利于女性写作的历史条件。在这篇短文中,她鼓励女性作家要表达她们的独特之处从而建立女性自己的文学传统。但是在这篇短文的后半部分,当伍尔夫看到一个男人和一个女人走进一辆出租车时,她开始构建雌雄同体理论。男人和女人的自然融合让她分裂的脑袋重新复合。当思考男女之间的差别时,她的大脑处于紧绷状态。自然而然,伍尔夫放弃了探讨男女之间的差别,转而构建雌雄同体理论。按照伍尔夫对于柯勒律治提出的雌雄同体的理解,雌雄同体的头脑是创造的源泉。为了达到这种理想状态,作家在写作时必须忘掉自己的性别,他们只能关注所写的东西。方面,伍尔夫鼓励女性作家构建她们独具特色的句子以及具有女性特征的句法。但是另一方面,她又鼓励作家在写作时必须忘记他们的性别。这一点非常矛盾。在《一间自己的房间》中,雌雄同体是创造的源泉,是缓和男女之间紧张氛围的良剂。然而在《奥兰多》这部小说中,雌雄同体却使得主人公奥兰多经历了身份危机以致最后疯癫。变性之后的奥兰多懊丧无比,觉得处处受到限制。她时时刻刻提醒自己的性别,做出和性别相符的举动。她不断地和时代精神斗争,但在小说的结尾处,奥兰多顺从了时代精神。她结婚生子了。雌雄同体的状态使得她对于自己的身份产生疑惑,使得她不能分辨事实和幻觉。这篇论文主要以《一间自己的房间》和《奥兰多》为例探讨伍尔夫雌雄同体理论的矛盾性。论文总体可以分为五部分。引言主要论述《一间自己的房间》和《奥兰多》这两部作品中雌雄同体的区别,以及概述以往研究者们对于雌雄同体的文学评论。第一章主要论证伍尔夫的生活经历和雌雄同体理论之间的关系。伍尔夫出生在一个传统家庭,接受传统的家庭教育。父亲的独裁和母亲的顺从加深了她对父权制度的理解。同父异母哥哥的性骚扰使得伍尔夫畏惧男性。糟糕的身体状况和偶尔的疯癫不仅使她失去了扮演母亲这个对于女人很重要的角色,而且也剥夺了其丈夫扮演父亲的角色。对丈夫的愧疚以及自身所受的痛苦如此强烈,只有一死才能使她解脱。她的死亡其实反映了她对于痛苦已经无能为力。面对选举权运动,伍尔夫一方面通过创作革命性的著作诸如《一间自己的房间》和《三枚金币》热情地积极参与其中。但是另一方面,对于妇女参政权论者以及他们所表现出的过度女权主义伍尔夫不是很赞同。她和维塔之间的关系为她创作《奥兰多》这部小说提供了大量信息。她们之间的亲密关系也引来了关于雌雄同体和同性恋之间的激烈讨论。第二章主要探讨《一间自己的房间》中的雌雄同体理论。此章节首先介绍了西方世界对于雌雄同体的传统定义并指出伍尔夫的雌雄同体理论和传统对于此理论的定义如出一辙。她的理论其实是对传统理论的一种拥护,认为男性可以改变女性。伍尔夫对于雌雄同体理论的解释反映了她惧怕同时代男性的批判以及她对于父权社会的服从。其次该章节指出伍尔夫的雌雄同体理论和艾略特“非个人化”理论之间的联系。这个章节试图得出这样的结论：伍尔夫雌雄同体理论反映了伍尔夫在结束僵化的父权制度和被男性批评家接受这两个需求之间做出的妥协。她的妥协导致了她一方面强调女性的独特之处而另一方面强调作家“非个人化”的重要性这两者之间的矛盾。第三章主要讨论雌雄同体在《奥兰多》这部小说中的文学实践。变性之后的奥兰多,男性特征和女性特征没有像《一间自己的房间》中所说的那样完全融合。雌雄同体在《奥兰多》中的失败在于伍尔夫认同区分男女之间固有的差别,而正是这些差别阻碍了奥兰多身心实现伍尔夫一直所宣扬的雌雄同体。总而言之,伍尔夫雌雄同体理论只是一个理想的幻觉,不能付诸实践。雌雄同体理论只不过是伍尔夫逃避男性和女性冲突的借口,而事实上该理论缺少理论和实践联系。
[Abstract]:Woolf was regarded as a pioneer of feminism, for in many of her works she described the tragic situation of women and attacked the patriarchal system that led to inequality between men and women. In particular, in her feminist representative book, a room of her own, she explored the historical conditions that were not conducive to women's writing. In this essay, she encouraged female writers. In the second half of the passage, when Woolf sees a man and a woman walking into a taxi, she begins to build a hermaphroditic theory. The natural fusion of men and women makes her split head recombined. When thinking about men and women, At the time of the difference, her brain was in a tight state. Naturally, Woolf gave up exploring the difference between men and women and turned to androgyny. According to Woolf's hermaphroditic understanding of Coleridge, a hermaphroditic mind was the source of creation. In order to achieve this ideal, a writer must forget himself in writing. On the other hand, Woolf encourages women writers to construct their unique sentences and female characteristics, but on the other hand, she encourages writers to forget their sex in writing. This is very contradictory.
In the "one's own room", androgyny is the source of creation and a good agent to ease the tension between men and women. However, in Orlando, androgyny, androgyny, made the hero Orlando experienced a crisis of identity and last madness. After denaturation, Orlando was very chagrin. Awakening her sex, making a gender consistent move. She constantly struggles with the spirit of the times, but at the end of the novel, Orlando obeys the spirit of the times. She is married and born. The state of hermaphroditism makes her suspicious of her identity, making her unable to distinguish between reality and illusion.
This paper discusses the contradiction of Androgyny in Woolf's own room > and < Orlando >. The thesis can be divided into five parts as a whole. The introduction mainly deals with the difference between Androgyny in the two works of one's own room > and < Orlando >, as well as an overview of the literature review of the hermaphroditism of the former researchers. Theory.
The first chapter mainly demonstrates the relationship between Woolf's life experience and the androgyny theory. Woolf was born in a traditional family and accepted traditional family education. Father's dictatorship and mother's obedience deepened her understanding of the patriarchal system. The sexual harassment of a half brother made Woolf afraid of men. Bad physical condition and a bad physical condition. The occasional madness not only deprives her of the important role of her mother as a woman, but also deprives her husband of her father's role. The guilt of her husband and his own suffering are so strong that only one death can make her free. On the one hand, Woolf actively participates in the creation of revolutionary works such as "one's own room > and < three gold coins >". But on the other hand, she does not agree with the women's political rights theorists and the over feminist Woolf they show. The relationship between her and vita creates her < Orlando >. The novels provide a lot of information. The intimate relationship between them also brings about a heated discussion between hermaphrodite and homosexuality.
The second chapter mainly discusses the theory of Androgyny in one's own room. This chapter first introduces the western world's traditional definition of androgyny and points out that Woolf's androgyny theory and tradition have a similar definition of the theory. The interpretation of Woolf's theory of Androgyny reflects her criticism of the men of the same age and her obedience to the patriarchal society. Secondly, this chapter points out the relationship between Woolf's androgyny theory and Eliot's "non personalization" theory. This chapter tries to draw such a conclusion: the androgyny of Woolf. The theory reflects Woolf's compromise between the end of the rigid patriarchy and the acceptance of the two demands by a male critic. Her compromise leads to her emphasis on the uniqueness of women on the one hand and the other on the importance of "non individualization" on the other.
The third chapter mainly discusses the literary practice of Androgyny in the novel "Orlando >". After the denaturation of Orlando, the male characteristics and female characteristics are not fully integrated as "a room of one's own". The failure of Androgyny in < Orlando > is that Woolf identifies the inherent differences between men and women, and that is precisely this These differences prevented Orlando from realizing the hermaphrodite in Woolf's body and mind.
In a word, the androgyny theory of Woolf is only an ideal illusion and can not be put into practice. Androgyny is only an excuse for Woolf to escape the conflict between men and women. In fact, the theory lacks theoretical and practical links.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

【参考文献】