《枕草子》的美学研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 05:11

本文选题：枕草子 + 清少纳言　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：R本的平安时代是一个绚烂多姿的盛世王朝,这个时代的政治、经济、文化、社会等各个方面都呈现出欣欣向荣的状态。平安朝时代告别了奈良时代的“唐风”文化,开始如火如荼的兴起了“和风”文化。在这样的文化背景下,相对于上古时代的国家文学,个人主体的文学创作开始凸显。同时假名文学也开始蓬勃的发展起来。得益于以上的条件,平安文坛上女性作家异军突起,物语文学、日记文学、随笔文学等纷纷问世。《枕草子》便是创作于日本平安朝中期的著名随笔,作者清少纳言。《枕草子》由长短不一的300余章段构成,是日本历史上最早的随笔文学。它与同时代的物语文学作品《源氏物语》并称“平安文学双壁”；与后来的《方丈记》、《徒然草》并称日本古典文学的三大随笔。作者清少纳言在作品中记录了宫廷出仕期间的见闻及回想,还有作者对自然、人生等的随想和感悟。清少纳言以女性特有的敏锐、纤细在作品中营造了一个真实细腻、睿智含蓄的唯美世界。《枕草子》自成立之初就不断地被抄写传阅,关于它的研究也从平安朝时代就已经开始,并且历代不辍。尤其到了近代,日本学界关于《枕草子》的研究更扩展到底本校订、史实考证、文本研究、批评研究等各个方面,并出现了与语言、篇章、诗歌等的交叉研究和比较研究。但遗憾的是,无论研究广度和深度都远不及与之并称的《源氏物语》等作品。而中国文学界对《枕草子》的研究可以说是凤毛麟角。译著也仅见周作人、于雷和台湾翻译家林文月的译本。虽然有发表于各类专业杂志的论文数十篇,以及散见于各类文学史书籍中的介绍性或综述性的章段,但这些研究大多沿袭了日本的研究成果及学术观点,至今尚未见研究性专著问世。可以说,国内文学界还未出现针对《枕草子》的专门研究。美是《枕草子》最大的文学价值之一。本论文就从美学研究的角度切入,在充分利用文献资料的基础之上,以文本分析的方法对《枕草子》进行美学的分析和论证。第一章主要对作者清少纳言以及《枕草子》的书名、成书、版本等内容进行学理性的梳理和归纳。第二章的主要内容是对《枕草子》中具有代表性的审美意象进行美学的分析色彩是日本自然审美的原初形态。第一章首先对《枕草子》中出现的色彩——尤其是紫色、黄色和各种配色用法进行了详细的分析,进而讨论日本在对中国的色彩文化进行受容的过程中发生了哪些变异,日本的色彩审美有哪些本土的特征然后对平安时代具有代表性的自然审美意象“雪”进行详细的读解,分析平安朝时期“雪”的审美意义以及由此透出的清少纳言的贵族倾向。最后对“花’以梅花和樱花为中心——进行分析,从中看出日本人对梅花与樱花的感情变化脉络,以及清少纳言身上所保留的、依旧强烈的“唐风”文化影响。在对审美意象详细分析的基础上,第三章详细分析作者频频使用的美学概念“趣味,,和“哀怜”。通过对两个概念所关照对象的特征、两个概念的语义内涵等分析清少纳言、乃至平安人的审美情趣和审美倾向。第四章对清少纳言的审美观念进行了总结,包括以自然模仿为特征的自然观、以女性主体意识为脉络的伦理观、和以贵族认同、王朝认同为主流的阶级观。日本平安时代被誉为“美的时代”,这个时期的审美成为后世审美取向的源头,对日本的社会、生活、文化、文学等都起到了极大的影响。而《枕草子》恰恰是这个时代王朝“美”的集中体现。本论文希望通过对《枕草子》的美学研究,能在一定程度上把握日本人审美活动的特质以及审美意识流变的脉络。
[Abstract]:R this era of peace is a magnificent and colorful Dynasty, the political, economic, cultural, social and other aspects of this era are showing a state of prosperity. The peace period said farewell to the "Tang Feng" culture of the times of Nara, and began to rise as a raging "and wind" culture. In such a cultural background, relative to the ancient times, At the same time, the literary creation of the individual subject began to highlight. At the same time, the pseudonym literature began to flourish. Benefiting from the above conditions, the female writers in the peaceful literary world began to rise, the literature of the material, the diary literature, the essay literature and so on. "Pillow and grass" was a famous essay written in the middle of the peace Dynasty in Japan. "Pillow grass", composed of more than 300 chapters, is the earliest essayist literature in Japanese history. It and the literary works of the same age, "the source language" and "the double wall of peace literature"; and the later "the abbot", "the vain grass >" and the Japanese classical literature of the three essays. The views and reflections of the court during his official career, as well as the author's thoughts and feelings about nature and life.
"Occipital grass" has been copied and circulated from the beginning of its founding. The research on it has also started from the times of the peace Dynasty, and it has not dropped out of the past dynasties. Especially in modern times, the study of "pillow grass" in the Japanese academic circles has expanded to the end of the revision, historical textual research, text research, criticism research and other aspects, and appeared with language, text, poetry. However, it is regrettable that both the breadth and depth of the study are far less than the works of "the tale of the source", which is called "the tale of the source" of the Chinese literary world. The translated works only see Zhou Zuoren, Yu and the translations of the Taiwan translators, Lin Wen, although they are published in various professional magazines. There are dozens of papers, as well as introductory or summary chapters in various literary history books, but most of these studies have followed the research and academic views of Japan, and there has been no research monographs yet to come out.
Beauty is one of the greatest literary values of "occipital grass". From the perspective of aesthetic research, this paper makes an aesthetic analysis and demonstration of "occipital grass >" on the basis of full use of literature and text analysis.
The first chapter mainly summarizes and summarizes the contents of the title, book, edition and so on.
The main content of the second chapter is that the aesthetic analysis of the aesthetic image of the representative aesthetic image of "pillow grass" is the original form of natural beauty in Japan. The first chapter is a detailed analysis of the colors appearing in "occipital grass", especially purple, yellow and various colors, and then discuss the color of Japan in China. What changes have occurred in the process of cultural acceptance, what are the local characteristics of the Japanese color aesthetic and the representative natural aesthetic image "Snow" in the peace era, and analyze the aesthetic significance of the "Snow" in the period of the peace Dynasty and the aristocratic tendencies of the Qing Dynasty. Finally, the "flower" is the "flower". Taking plum blossom and cherry blossoms as the center - analysis, we can see the relationship between the Japanese and the plum blossom and the cherry blossoms, as well as the strong cultural influence of "Tang Feng".
On the basis of the detailed analysis of the aesthetic image, the third chapter analyzes the aesthetic concept of the author's frequent use of "aesthetic concept", and "pity". Through the characteristics of the two concepts, the Semantic Connotation of the two concepts, and even the aesthetic and aesthetic tendencies of the people of peace.
The fourth chapter makes a summary of the aesthetic ideas of the Qing Dynasty, including the natural view characterized by natural imitation, the ethical view of the female subject consciousness, and the class view of the aristocracy and the dynasty identity.
The peace era of Japan is known as the "age of beauty", and the aesthetics of this period has become the source of aesthetic orientation of the later generations, and has greatly influenced Japan's society, life, culture and literature. To a certain extent, we should grasp the characteristics of Japanese aesthetic activities and the thread of the evolution of aesthetic consciousness.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I313.076

【参考文献】