《大师和玛格丽特》的复调特征解读

发布时间：2018-05-11 07:21

本文选题：布尔加科夫 + 《大师和玛格丽特》　；参考：《山西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：米哈伊尔·阿法纳西耶维奇·布尔加科夫(1891—1940)被称为“二十世纪的果戈理”，是二十世纪苏联著名的小说家、戏剧家，以其历时12年创作的长篇小说《大师和玛格丽特》而闻名于世。该小说是诞生于苏联社会主义现实主义的红色主流之下“离经叛道“的奇异作品，因此被“默杀”长达26年之久后，，才得以正式发表，与读者见面。小说一经发表便因其不与主流意识形态同流合污的品格、独特的写作特色、丰富多样的主题思想而引起了国内外学者及评论家普遍的关注和热议，被称为是神话小说、情感小说、宗教教诲录、传奇小说，甚至是超小说，在苏联掀起三次布尔加科夫研究热潮，影响遍及世界，成为20世纪一部经典之作。本论文主要运用巴赫金的复调小说理论，分析阐释《大师和玛格丽特》的复调性特征。复调小说理论强调主人公的独立意志，这就需要作者在构思时处于与主人公平等的地位，需要不同思想意识的平等对话，在结构布局及形象塑造上产生对位关系，从而使最终产生的小说文本充满未知性、未定论性。论文由绪论、对话性、对位性、未完成性及结语五个部分组成，绪论部分主要介绍了布尔加科夫其人其作、《大师和玛格丽特》的国内外研究现状、本论文研究的目的意义以及所采用的理论和方法；第二部分对话性，通过作者与主人公的对话、主人公的自我对话及多声部的大狂欢三方面的论证，揭示出作者在小说构思上，把社会变革时期各种暗流涌动的思潮统统纳入对话之中，使其在对话中存在、发展，显示出区别于独白型小说的开放性特点；第三部分对位性，论证了小说情节线索与人物形象两个方面的对位关系，突出小说的复调特性；第四部分未完成性，通过人物性格的不断变化发展和时空的跳跃与突变两方面的论证，揭示出复调小说在语境上的未完成、未定论性，使小说具有了无穷的张力；结语部分概括总结了本论文的主要内容，突出强调小说的复调特色，以及隐藏在复调文本中的作者的真实意图。本文主要采用文本分析、社会心理学分析、比较分析的方法对《大师和玛格丽特》创作上的复调性特征加以阐释，试图发掘布尔加科夫在小说构思方面的探索与尝试，深入挖掘一个伟大的作家在苏联主流意识形态下对自我及艺术阵地的坚持与坚守，以及对苏联及整个人类社会未来走向的观照与追问。
[Abstract]:Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov (1891-1940), known as Gogol of the Twentieth Century, was a famous Soviet novelist and dramatist in the 20th century. He is famous for his 12-year novel Master and Margaret. The novel was born in the Soviet Union socialist realism under the red mainstream of "deviant" strange work, so the "kill" for 26 years, was officially published to meet the reader. Once published, the novel has aroused widespread concern and discussion among scholars and critics both at home and abroad because of its character, unique writing characteristics and rich and varied thematic thoughts, which is called a mythological novel. Emotional novels, religious teachings, legends, and even superfiction, set off three Bourgakov studies in the Soviet Union, affecting the world and becoming a classic of the 20th century. This thesis mainly uses Bakhtin's polyphonic novel theory to analyze and explain the polyphonic characteristics of Master and Marguerite. The theory of polyphonic novels emphasizes the independent will of the protagonist, which requires the author to be in an equal position with the protagonist when he is conceived, to have equal dialogue with different ideologies, and to have a reciprocal relationship in the structural layout and image shaping. So that the final text of the novel is full of unknown, inconclusive. The paper is composed of five parts: introduction, dialogue, opposites, unfinished parts and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces Bulgakov's works, Master and Margaret at home and abroad. The purpose and significance of this thesis and the theories and methods adopted in this thesis. The second part is dialoguism, which reveals the author's conception of the novel through three aspects: the dialogue between the author and the protagonist, the self-dialogue between the protagonist and the carnival of the multipart. In the period of social change, all kinds of undercurrent trends of thought are brought into the dialogue, so that they exist and develop in the dialogue, showing the opening characteristics of the novel which is different from the monologue novel. The author demonstrates the opposite relationship between plot clue and character image, highlights the polyphonic characteristics of the novel, and proves that the fourth part is incomplete, through the constant development of character and the jump and mutation of time and space. The conclusion part summarizes the main contents of this thesis, emphasizes the polyphonic features of the novel, and reveals that the polyphonic novel is incomplete and inconclusive in the context, which makes the novel have infinite tension, and the conclusion part summarizes the main contents of this thesis, and emphasizes the polyphonic features of the novel. And the true intention of the author hidden in the polyphonic text. This paper mainly uses the methods of text analysis, social psychology analysis and comparative analysis to explain the polyphonic features in the creation of Master and Marguerite, and tries to explore Bulgakov's exploration and attempt in the conception of novels. Deeply excavating a great writer in the Soviet Union under the mainstream ideology of self and art to adhere to and adhere to the future of the Soviet Union and the entire human society, as well as the future of the observation and questioning.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I512.074

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