幕末明治游清日人汉诗中的晚清中国形象

发布时间：2018-05-24 07:46

本文选题：幕末明治 + 域外汉诗　；参考：《山西大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自江户幕府末期“锁国体制”被打破以后,日本一些有识之士开始关注海外世界,屡有出游海外并以文字记录域外体验者。日I本人在积极吸收西方文明的同时,对曾经的“文化母国”——中国仍然十分关切,并引作借鉴,希望从中国的失利中思考日本的前途和命运,德川幕府1862年遣使上海正是这种关切的具体表现。明治维新后,日本各阶层来中国者更是络绎不绝,从官吏的出国考察、派遣驻华使节、到私人的中国游历、留学生来华深造,再到民间士人的经商,这些走出本国疆界的日本人大多具备汉文基础,在感受异域经验之际,不少人用汉诗记录下他们的中国体验。他们在诗中描摹中国山水胜景,抒写旅人情志,记述道里行程,评价中国政治、经济、文化、自然环境、社会风俗等。本文选取幕末明治时期来华日本人写的汉诗,首先概述这些来华日人的身份类型、来华目的以及他们汉诗创作中呈现的一些特征,然后分析了这些日本人汉诗中描绘的两种“中国形象”：一种是山川秀丽、文化悠久、港口开放的正面形象；一种是社会动荡、民生凋蔽的负面形象。这些日本人在汉诗中表达的对“中国形象”的肯定与否定既有对晚清中国的客观描述,但也不乏误读与偏见。他们在汉诗中流露的对中国现状的失望之情以及他们看到现实中国与文化中国的落差,使他们的中国认识发生了变化,这种变化影响了近代日I本人的中国观,另外一些日本汉学者因亲身感受了文化中国的衰落,失落之余甚至提议将日本文化引介到中国,以促进中国文化的现代化。总之,幕末明治时期来华的日I本诗人们对晚清中国形象的描绘,正是他们所在社会和时代对中国的“集体想象”,这种观察与后来日本人中围观的嬗变有着密切的关系。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the Edo shogunate "locked country system" was broken, some people of insight in Japan began to pay attention to the overseas world. While actively absorbing Western civilization, Japan I himself remains very concerned about the "cultural home country"-China, and draws lessons from it, hoping to reflect on the future and destiny of Japan from China's defeat. The Tokugawa shogunate sent Shanghai in 1862 as a concrete manifestation of this concern. After the Meiji Restoration, Japanese people from all walks of life came to China in an endless stream. From officials' visits abroad, sending envoys to China and visiting China in private, overseas students came to China to further their studies, and then to the business of private scholars. Most of the Japanese who have gone out of their own country have the foundation of Chinese language. When they feel the foreign experience, many people record their Chinese experience with Chinese poetry. In their poems, they describe the scenic landscape of China, express the feelings of travelers, describe the itinerary of Taoism, and evaluate Chinese politics, economy, culture, natural environment, social customs and so on. This article selects the Chinese poems written by the Japanese in the late period of the curtain and Meiji period, first of all, summarizes the identity types, the purpose of coming to China and some features of their Chinese poetry creation. Then it analyzes the two "Chinese images" described by these Japanese Chinese poems: one is the positive image of beautiful mountains and rivers with a long culture and the opening of the port; the other is the negative image of social unrest and people's livelihood masking. The affirmation and negation of "Chinese image" expressed by these Japanese poems not only give an objective description of China in the late Qing Dynasty, but also lack of misreading and prejudice. Their disappointment at the present situation of China and the gap between real China and cultural China have changed their understanding of China, which has influenced the modern Japanese's view of China. Other Japanese Chinese scholars have experienced the decline of cultural China and even proposed to introduce Japanese culture to China in order to promote the modernization of Chinese culture. In a word, the Japanese poets who came to China at the end of the curtain and Meiji period described the image of China in the late Qing Dynasty, which is precisely the "collective imagination" of their society and the times. This observation is closely related to the evolution of the onlookers among the Japanese.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I313.072

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