《毕司瓦斯先生的房子》中反映的边缘人的文化身份

发布时间：2018-05-25 23:38

本文选题：后殖民 + 文化身份　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入二十一世纪，随着移民人口的持续增加，边缘人的文化身份问题已成为一个不容忽视的重要问题。后殖民个体进退维谷，一面急于被“中心”认可，一面又不愿放弃自身本性。这就使得后殖民语境下边缘人的文化身份呈现模糊性及不确定性。如何看待自身的文化身份，如何定位自己成了边缘人急需解决的问题。作为西印度群岛的印度人，英国的西印度群岛人，及后殖民时期的离散知识分子，V. S.奈保尔是一个真正的“他者”，一个典型的边缘人。身份的模糊性，异化，无根性，，非殖民化是奈保尔作品中经常出现的主题。以他的父亲作为蓝本，《比斯瓦斯先生的房子》以寻找一个属于自己的房子为线索，讲述了比斯瓦斯先生奋斗，受苦，反抗的一生。用他的人生经历再现了特立尼达寻求独立和自由的历史过程。小说以比斯瓦斯先生的一生为焦点，透视了非殖民化时期第三世界国家的政治、社会、文化及人们的心理变化。通过对比斯瓦斯先生和图尔斯家族生活的描写，小说反映了那个时代特立尼达印度移民的艰难处境，说明后殖民生存状态早在殖民时期就已存在。本文通过对《比斯瓦斯先生的房子》的后殖民解读,提炼出小说中反映的边缘人的后殖民生存状态,分析造成他们如此生存状态的原因，接着指出后殖民语境下边缘人文化身份的模糊性，最后讨论消除后殖民个体文化身份模糊性的正确方式。本文由五部分组成。第一部分对V. S.奈保尔，《比斯瓦斯先生的房子》和后殖民理论做了简单介绍，概括了国内外对作家及这部作品的研究现状，阐明了研究意义。第一章分析了小说中所反映的边缘人的后殖民生存状态。尽管小说的故事背景是在殖民地时期，但小说中人物却处于后殖民生存状态。即身份的不确定性，文化心理上的本土化与西方化的冲突，永久的暂时性。所以这部小说是第三世界国家居民的后殖民生存状态的寓言。第二章对这部小说进行了多声部解读，即从两方面分析形成边缘人后殖民生存状态的原因。一是宗主国对殖民地的统治与剥削。除了经济掠夺政策、军事镇压、政治统治这些强硬手段外还伴随着对殖民地人民的意识形态控制。二是殖民地人民对殖民统治的反抗及对西方文化的吸纳。第三章分析了后殖民语境下边缘人文化身份的模糊性，试论如何消除其文化身份的模糊性。所有文化都是相互依赖和彼此交融的。人们生活在全球化环境中，以国籍、宗教信仰、性别等划分个人身份的方式需要得到挑战。人们应该超越帝国、国家和地方的界限，吸收“外来”成分成为一个世界公民。最后一部分对论文进行了总结，指出成为世界公民的方式。人总是在路上，身份在不停变化，没有一个人的身份是单纯不变的。每个国家每个人都应该用更宽广的视野和全球化的意识看待事物及自身的发展。
[Abstract]:In the 21 century, with the continuous increase of immigrant population, the cultural identity of marginal people has become an important issue that can not be ignored. The post-colonial individual is in a dilemma, eager to be recognized by the center, and unwilling to give up his own nature. This makes the cultural identity of marginal people fuzzy and uncertain in the post-colonial context. How to treat their own cultural identity and how to position themselves has become an urgent problem for the marginal people. As a West Indies Indian, British West Indies, and a post-colonial discrete intellectual, V. S. Naipaul is a true "other", a typical fringe. Identity fuzziness, alienation, rootlessness and decolonisation are common themes in Naipaul's works. Based on his father, "Mr. Biswas's house" tells the story of Mr. Biswas's life of struggle, suffering, and resistance in the search for a house of his own. His life experience reproduces Trinidad's historical process of seeking independence and freedom. Focusing on Mr. Biswas's life, the novel examines the political, social, cultural and psychological changes in third world countries during the decolonization period. The novel reflects the difficult situation of the Indian immigrants in Trinidad through the description of the family life of Mr Vasvas and the Tours family. It shows that the post-colonial existence existed as early as the colonial period. Based on the post-colonial interpretation of "Mr. Biswas's house", this paper abstracts the post-colonial living state of the marginal people reflected in the novel, and analyzes the reasons why they are so living. Then it points out the fuzziness of the cultural identity of the marginal people in the post-colonial context, and finally discusses the correct way to eliminate the fuzziness of the cultural identity of the post-colonial individual. This paper consists of five parts. The first part is about V. S. Naipaul's House of Mr. Biswas and postcolonial theory are briefly introduced. The present situation of research on writers and this work at home and abroad is summarized and the significance of the study is clarified. The first chapter analyzes the post-colonial living state of the marginal people reflected in the novel. Although the story background of the novel is in colonial period, the characters in the novel are in the state of postcolonial existence. That is, identity uncertainty, cultural psychological localization and westernization conflict, permanent temporary. So this novel is a postcolonial fable of the inhabitants of third world countries. In the second chapter, the author interprets the novel in multiple voices, that is, to analyze the causes of the post-colonial living state of the marginal people from two aspects. The first is the domination and exploitation of the colonies by the sovereign state. In addition to economic plundering, military repression, and political domination, these tough tactics were accompanied by ideological control over colonial peoples. Second, colonial people's resistance to colonial rule and the absorption of Western culture. The third chapter analyzes the fuzziness of marginal people's cultural identity in the context of post-colonial, and discusses how to eliminate the fuzziness of their cultural identity. All cultures are interdependent and intermingled. People live in a globalized environment and need to be challenged to classify their personal identity in terms of nationality, religious belief, gender, etc. People should transcend the boundaries of empires, nations and places and absorb "foreign" elements to become a world citizen. The last part summarizes the paper and points out the way to become a citizen of the world. People are always on the road, identity is constantly changing, no one's identity is pure unchanged. Everyone in every country should look at things and their own development with a broader vision and a sense of globalization.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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