《他们》的文学伦理学研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 21:53

本文选题：文学伦理学 + 真　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨是当代美国文坛的一位杰出的女作家。她的作品在美国多次获奖，而她本人也多次获得诺贝尔文学奖提名。欧茨是个勤奋多产的作家，她出版过大量长篇小说、短篇小说、诗集和文学评论集，她的多部戏剧在纽约百老汇上演，也曾写过一些电影和电视剧本。她最大的成就在于小说创作，她的作品多反映了当代美国社会充满暴力和不公的黑暗面，以及人们的生存状况和精神困境。《他们》是欧茨著名的长篇小说，在其出版的第二年就获得美国国家图书奖。小说讲述了主要人物洛雷塔、朱尔斯和莫琳母子三人作为美国下层人民所面临的生存和精神困境，以及他们在困境中百折不挠的抗争。本文运用文学伦理学批评方法从人与社会，人与他人，人与自我三个层面对《他们》中蕴含的伦理道德因素进行分析，，发掘出欧茨的伦理思想，由此展现欧茨对当代社会人文精神建构所做出的贡献。本论文由五部分组成。引言部分首先介绍了欧茨的生平，主要作品以及小说《他们》的主要内容；其次介绍文学伦理学批评方法的产生背景、概念、应用范围和代表性的理论家；最后进行文献综述，总结了国内外对欧茨作品的学术研究成果及现状，并指出本文的创新之处。第一章主要探讨了乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨在人与社会关系上求真的伦理主张。在《他们》中，人与社会之间充满了矛盾和冲突。小说主人公向往和追求美好的生活，然而他们的美好愿望却被残酷的社会现实击得粉碎。他们在精神和肉体上受到极大的摧残，整日生活在痛苦、绝望、恐惧和焦虑之中。通过展示小说主人公在充满暴力和不公社会中的悲惨命运，欧茨诠释了人与社会必须保持一种和谐关系这一永恒真理。只有人与社会保持和谐，人才能过上幸福美好的生活并充分发挥自己的才能，从而为社会的进步和发展做出自己的贡献。第二章详细分析了乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨在人与他人关系上求善的伦理主张。在《他们》中，欧茨主要描写了家庭中人与人之间的关系。这种人与人之间的敌对关系给家庭成员造成精神和身体上的伤害。家庭成员之间没有真爱、沟通、信任和尊重，有的只是争吵、侮辱、诅咒、甚至暴力。欧茨对家庭关系的关注，彰显了她对真爱、尊重、信任这些不同形式的“善”的推崇。只有通过人与他人之间的“善”，人们才能达到身心的健康与和谐，才能获得真正的幸福和快乐。第三章探讨了乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨在人与自我关系上求圣的伦理主张。小说主人公朱尔斯在困境中依然保持乐观并不懈地追求自己所向往的自由和梦想。在男权社会中，洛雷塔和莫琳母女二人在精神和身体上受到男性的主宰和压迫，逐渐丧失了自我。然而，她们并没有被彻底摧毁。一次又一次的打击使她们逐渐地自我觉醒，认识到自己不幸的根源，并以自己的实际行动与男权社会的伦理道德进行抗争,最终实现自我独立和自我建构，从而在残酷的现实中以强者的姿态生存下来并按照自己的意愿安排人生。小说主人公的经历蕴含了欧茨在人与自我关系层面上的伦理道德观。乐观、坚强、自我觉醒、自我独立、自我建构是欧茨所追求的“圣”的表现形式。结论部分从人与社会，人与他人，人与自我三个方面简要总结了文中所体现的伦理道德因素并全面而具体地诠释了欧茨的道德信仰和伦理诉求：和谐、关爱、信任、尊重、乐观、自立等。由此可见，欧茨对当代社会人文精神的建构做出了不可磨灭的贡献。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Oates is an outstanding female writer in contemporary American literary world . Her works won prizes in the United States for many times , and she has won the Nobel Prize for Literature many times . She has published numerous novels , short stories , poems and literary critics . Her greatest achievement lies in novel creation . Her works reflect the existence and spiritual plight of the American society and people ' s living conditions and mental predicament .

This thesis consists of five parts .

The introduction part introduces the main contents of Eutz ' s life , main works and novels .
Secondly , the author introduces the background , concept , application scope and representative theorists of literary ethics criticism method .
Finally , the literature review summarizes the academic research achievements and present situation of Otz ' s works at home and abroad , and points out the innovation of this paper .

The first chapter discusses Joyce Carol Oates ' true ethical claim in the relationship of man and society . The hero of the novel is full of contradictions and conflicts between the people and the society . The hero of the novel goes to and pursues a good life . However , their good wishes are shattered by the cruel social reality . By showing the hero of the novel in full violence and the tragic fate of the society , Oates explained that people and society must maintain a harmonious relationship with the eternal truth . Only the human beings and society can live happily and well and give full play to their talents , thus making their own contributions to the progress and development of society .

The second chapter analyzes the ethical claim that Joyce Carol Oates seeks good in the relationship between people and others . Among them , Oates mainly describes the relationship between people in the family and people . There is no true love , communication , trust and respect among family members . There is nothing true love , communication , trust and respect among family members . There is only a quarrel , insult , curse , and even violence . Oates ' s concern about family relations reveals her love , respect and trust in these different forms of " good " . Only through the " good " between people and others can people achieve physical and mental health and harmony in order to achieve true happiness and happiness .

The third chapter discusses Joyce Carol Oates ' s ethical claim on the relationship between man and self . In the patriarchal society , both Loretta and Maureen are still optimistic and pursuing their freedom and dream . In the men ' s rights society , Loretta and Maureen have been subjected to male dominance and oppression and gradually lost their self . However , they have not been completely destroyed .

The conclusion part summarizes the ethical and moral factors embodied in this paper from the three aspects of human and society , man and others , human and self , and explains comprehensively and concretely the moral belief and ethical demands of Oates : harmony , love , trust , respect , optimism , self - reliance , etc . Therefore , Oates made an irreversible contribution to the construction of contemporary social humanism .
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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