生态批评视域下哈代小说的危机意识解析

发布时间：2018-06-01 09:41

本文选题：托马斯·哈代 + 生态批评　；参考：《东北农业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：托马斯·哈代是英国维多利亚时期的杰出作家,他曾被称“英国小说中的莎士比亚”。他的威塞克斯小说有深刻的社会内涵,其作品往往对传统观念,对不公正的社会进行抨击或控诉。哈代具有高度社会责任感和强烈的和谐生态观,在他的小说中不仅揭露了自然生态危机带来的负面影响,再现了在社会危机中人们在经济生活的困境和意识形态方面的困惑引发的精神危机。与此同时,他还呼吁人应该融入自然,与自然和谐相处。经过仔细阅读哈代小说创作阶段的主要著作《德伯家的苔丝》、《还乡》和《卡斯特桥市长》,本论文运用生态批评的相关理论,从新的视角对哈代的这三部作品进行研究,意图对托马斯·哈代有更深刻地了解。本论文由四个章节组成。第一章引言部分对哈代的生平及他的生态思想,生态批评理论进行了介绍。第二章在综述国内外文学界对哈代小说作品的评论的基础上,提出了本论文的中心主题。第三章分别从自然生态危机、社会生态危机和精神生态危机三个方面论述了哈代小说中的生态危机意识。本章第一部分描述了哈代小说中所体现的自然生态观。在哈代长达70年之久的漫长创作生涯中,他在作品中描述了大自然的壮丽,并对人与自然关系进行思考和感悟。在哈代看来,人类是自然的儿女,是自然不可分割的一部分,这体现了他对大自然的热爱和独到理解。随着工业革命的深入,早已没有了往日和谐的人与自然关系。受人类中心主义影响,人类试图改造自然、主宰自然。一旦原有的和谐遭到破坏,人与自然关系异化,危机将追随而至。整个社会的人际关系遭到前所未有的破坏,社会生态也沦为病态。第三章的第二和第三部分描述了哈代对社会生态和精神生态的热切关注,及其在三部作品中的具体表现。根据深层生态学的基本原则,生命形式的丰富和多样性有助于实现其自身价值,人类无权因自身需要而破坏自然界中生命的丰富和多样性。哈代以写实的手法深刻地揭露了,农业机器进入农村后,和谐的生存状态遭到破坏。工业文明不仅破坏了美丽的生存环境,而且摧残了人类的本性,扭曲了人与人之间的正常关系,使人遭受精神与肉体不能合二为一的痛苦。同时,意识形态和生活方式的巨变导致人们精神分裂和失落,挣扎求生。第四章是结论部分,分析了哈代作品中提出的解决自然生态、社会生态和精神生态危机的途径,即倡导人与自然和谐相处,人类的种种危机才能得以解决。结论部分还对哈代小说所进行的生态批评研究进行了总结,并且提出本文的文学研究价值所在。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy, an outstanding Victorian writer, was once called Shakespeare in English novels. His Wessex novels have profound social connotations. His works often attack or accuse the traditional ideas and the unjust society. Hardy has a high sense of social responsibility and a strong view of harmonious ecology. In his novels, he not only exposes the negative effects of the natural ecological crisis, It reappears the spiritual crisis caused by people's dilemma in economic life and ideology in the social crisis. At the same time, he also called on people to integrate into nature and live in harmony with nature. After carefully reading the main works of Hardy's novels, Tess of the Decaux, returning to his hometown and Mayor of Casterbridge, this paper uses the relevant theories of ecological criticism to study Hardy's three works from a new angle of view. This paper consists of four chapters. The first chapter introduces Hardy's life, his ecological thought and ecological criticism theory. On the basis of summarizing the critique of Hardy's novels at home and abroad, the second chapter puts forward the central theme of this thesis. This paper discusses the consciousness of ecological crisis in Hardy's novels from three aspects: social ecological crisis and spiritual ecological crisis. The first part of this chapter describes the natural ecological view embodied in Hardy's novels. In his long creative career of 70 years, Hardy describes the splendor of nature and ponders and understands the relationship between man and nature. In Hardy's view, man is a child of nature and an integral part of nature, which reflects his love and unique understanding of nature. With the deepening of the Industrial Revolution, there has been no harmonious relationship between man and nature. Influenced by anthropocentrism, man tries to transform nature and dominate nature. Once the original harmony is destroyed and the relationship between man and nature is alienated, the crisis will follow. The interpersonal relationship of the whole society suffers unprecedented destruction, social ecology also degenerates morbid. The second and third parts of the third chapter describe Hardy's keen attention to social ecology and spiritual ecology and their specific performance in the three works. According to the basic principles of deep ecology, the richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of their own value, and human beings have no right to destroy the richness and diversity of life in nature because of their own needs. Hardy profoundly exposed the existence of harmony after the agricultural machinery entered the countryside. Industrial civilization not only destroys the beautiful living environment, but also destroys the human nature, distorts the normal relationship between human beings, and makes people suffer the pain that the spirit and body cannot be United into one. At the same time, the great changes in ideology and lifestyle lead to people's schizophrenia and loss and struggle for survival. Chapter four is the conclusion part, which analyzes the ways to solve the crisis of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology proposed by Hardy in his works. That is, to advocate harmony between man and nature, human crises can be resolved. The conclusion part also summarizes the ecological criticism of Hardy's novels, and puts forward the value of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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