从功能语法角度研究《贵妇画像》中的人际意义

发布时间：2018-06-19 04:24

本文选题：人际意义 + 语气　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人际意义指的是语言使用中人际的,变化的,可协商的意义。这一术语来源于韩礼德系统功能语法。根据韩礼德的研究,语言有三大元功能：概念功能,人际功能和语篇功能。作为三大元功能之一的人际功能是指语言可以用来表达自己对世界的看法,建立与他人的人际关系,影响他人的行为,甚至改变世界等,换言之,语言具有表达说话者的身份,地位,态度和动机等的功能。当前语言的人际功能越来越受到文学界和语言学界研究者们的重视。根据韩礼德系统功能语法,语言的人际功能在词汇语法层面主要通过语气系统和情态系统来实现。语气系统由主语和定谓语构成,表达说话双方的互动关系；情态系统是介于肯定和否定之间的成分,表达说话人的态度和判断。随着语篇分析和文学批评的发展,系统功能语法被越来越多的用于分析文学作品。本论文旨在根据韩礼德功能语法中关于人际意义的理论框架运用定性和定量的方法,从语气和情态出发,对小说《贵妇画像》中女主人公伊莎贝尔与三个男主人公之间的对话进行人际意义研究。在语气系统方面,本论文主要研究了男女主人公所说的小句子数量和类型,最经常选用的主语,及语气状语的使用,以此来揭示对话中人物之间的互动,人物的地位,身份,和态度。在情态系统方面,本论文主要分析了说话双方情态操作词的使用状况,以此来揭示男女主人公之间关系的发展和他们各自的性格特点。经过分析,本文得出如下结论：在语气系统方面：在伊莎贝尔与沃伯顿爵士的对话中,沃伯顿爵士起主导作用。他使用的小句数量远大于伊莎贝尔,这表明他为求婚做了充分的准备。他控制着对话,这反映了他较高的社会地位。第一人称“我”是双方最经常选用的主语。沃伯顿爵士努力表达他对伊莎贝尔的爱,而伊莎贝尔却努力婉言拒绝。沃伯顿爵士使用了大量语气状语来加强求婚效果。这些语气状语也加强了双方之间的互动,推动了情节的发展。在伊莎贝尔与卡斯博.古德伍德的对话中，伊莎贝尔控制着对话的发展方向。双方的对话更自然,这反映双方具有平等的社会地位。双方最经常使用的主语是“我”。卡斯博.古德伍德再次向伊莎贝尔求婚并表明他愿意给伊莎贝尔充足的时间去体验生活,而伊莎贝尔却努力表明她不愿结婚的态度。与伊莎贝尔相比,卡斯博.古德伍德使用了少量的语气状语,这表明卡斯博.古德伍德语言简练,直接,性格坦率。在伊莎贝尔与奥斯蒙德的对话中,奥斯蒙德是话语的发起者,他控制着对话的发展。奥斯蒙德使用陈述句表明他希望伊莎贝尔促成沃伯顿爵士与潘西的婚事,而伊莎贝尔不愿激怒他,也不远违背潘西的意愿。对话最后,奥斯蒙德使用的命令句反映了他强势的性格特点,这也把对话推向了争吵,双方关系更加紧张。双方使用“我”作为句子的主语来表达各自的观点和立场,而“沃伯顿爵士”成为双方第二最经常使用的主语,这表明沃伯顿爵士成为双方争论的焦点。伊莎贝尔使用了更多的语气状语来加强语言效果,表明其小心谨慎的态度。在情态系统方面：在三个对话中,对话双方最经常使用的是中级情态操作词,这表明对话双方没有太大的权利悬殊。在伊莎贝尔与沃伯顿爵士的对话中。沃伯顿爵士使用大量中级情态操作词来缩小与伊莎贝尔之间的差距。高级情态操作词的使用又反映出沃伯顿爵士较高的社会地位,表明沃伯顿爵士说话自信,肯定。在伊莎贝尔与卡斯博.古德伍德的对话中,除使用中级情态操作词外,双方使用了较多的低级情态操作词,这表明双方努力使用温和语气以缓和双方之间的关系。在伊莎贝尔与奥斯蒙德的对话中,双方使用大量中级情态操作词来避免激怒对方,但随着对话的发展,奥斯蒙德失去耐心,使用高级情态操作词发出命令,这暴露了其强烈的控制欲,最后导致双方关系更加紧张。通过对小说《贵妇画像》中对话的人际意义研究,本论文论证了韩礼德功能语法在文学语篇分析尤其是在小说人际意义研究方面的可行性,加强了对功能语法中人际功能的理解,同时也加深了人们对小说主要人物性格,地位和人物之间关系的理解,为《贵妇画像》这部小说的讲授提供了新视角。
[Abstract]:Interpersonal meaning refers to interpersonal, changing, negotiable meaning in language use. This term comes from Hallidy system functional grammar. According to Hallidy's research, language has three major functions: conceptual, interpersonal and textual functions. As one of the three metafunctions, the interpersonal function means that the language can be used to express one's own right The view of the world, the establishment of interpersonal relationships with others, the influence of other people's behavior, and even the change of the world. In other words, language has the functions of expressing the speaker's identity, status, attitude and motivation. The interpersonal function of the language is being paid more and more attention by the literary and linguistic researchers.
According to the Hallidy system functional grammar, the interpersonal function of language is realized mainly through the mood system and the modality system in the lexical grammar level. The mood system is composed of the subject and the definite predicate, which expresses the interaction relationship between the two parties; the modality system is a score between affirmative and negative, expressing the speaker's attitude and judgment. With the development of analysis and literary criticism, systemic functional grammar is increasingly used to analyze literary works. The purpose of this thesis is to use qualitative and quantitative methods based on the theoretical framework of interpersonal meaning in Hallidy's functional grammar, from mood and modality, to the novel < lady's portrait > in the heroine of the novel, Isabel and the three male protagonists. In the aspect of mood system, this paper mainly studies the number and type of the small sentences, the most frequently chosen subject and the use of modal adverbials, in order to reveal the interaction between the characters, the position of the characters, the identity and the attitude in the dialogue. It is necessary to analyze the usage of modal words in both sides, in order to reveal the relationship between the protagonists and their respective personality characteristics.
After analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions:
In the mood system: in the conversation between Isabel and Sir Warburton, sir Warburton plays the leading role. The number of sentences he uses is far greater than Isabel, which indicates that he is fully prepared for the proposal. He controls the dialogue, which reflects his higher social status. The first person, "I" is the most frequently chosen owner of the two parties. Sir Warburton tried to express his love for Isabel, and Isabel tried to refrain. Sir Warburton used a large number of adverbials to strengthen the effect of marriage. These adverbials also strengthened the interaction between the two parties and promoted the development of the plot.
In the dialogue between Isabel and kaspbo Wood, Isabel controlled the direction of the dialogue. The dialogue between the two sides was more natural, which reflected the equal social status of both sides. The most frequently used subject of both sides was "I". Kaspbo Goode Wood proposed to Isabel again and showed that he was willing to give Isabel enough. Time to experience life, and Isabel tried to show her reluctance to marry. Compared with Isabel, kaspbo GAD Wood used a small number of adverbials, which shows that kaspbo GAD Wood is simple, straightforward, and frank.
In the dialogue between Isabel and Osmond, Osmond is the initiator of the discourse, and he controls the development of the dialogue. Osmond uses declarative sentences to show that he wants Isabel to promote the marriage between Warburton and Pansy. The sentence reflects his strong character, which puts the dialogue into a quarrel, and the relationship is more tense. Both sides use "I" as the subject of the sentence to express their views and positions, and "Sir Warburton" becomes the subject of the second most often used by both sides. This shows that Sir Warburton has become the focus of the dispute between the two sides. Baer used more adverbial modifier to enhance the language effect and show his cautious attitude.
In the modality system: in the three dialogues, the most often used by both sides in the three dialogues is intermediate modal operating words, which indicates that there is no big difference in rights between the two parties. In the dialogue between Isabel and Sir Warburton, sir Warburton used a large number of intermediate modal operations to narrow the gap between Isabel and the advanced modality operation. The use of words reflects the high social status of Sir Warburton, which indicates that Sir Warburton is confident and affirmative. In the dialogue between Isabel and kaspbo GAD Wood, both sides use more low-level modality operating words except for the intermediate modality operating words, which indicates that both sides try to use mild mood to ease the two sides. In the dialogue between Isabel and Osmond, both sides use a large number of intermediate modal manipulative words to avoid infuriate each other, but with the development of the dialogue, Osmond loses patience and uses the advanced modality operating words to send orders, which exposes his strong desire for control and eventually leads to more tension between the two parties.
Through the study of the interpersonal meaning of the dialogue in the novel "the portrait of the lady", this paper demonstrates the feasibility of Hallidy's functional grammar in literary discourse analysis, especially in the study of interpersonal meaning in novels, and strengthens the understanding of interpersonal function in functional grammar, and also deepens people's character, status and characters between the main characters of the novel. The understanding of the relationship provides a new perspective for the teaching of the portrait of a lady.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074;H314

【参考文献】