普拉斯：挣扎于矛盾之中

发布时间：2018-06-21 16:01

本文选题：西尔维娅·普拉斯 + 矛盾　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国女诗人西尔维娅·普拉斯是自白派的著名代表人物,她充满传奇色彩的一生引起了众多的争议。普拉斯属于德裔,生在美国,留学英国,有着多重身份。她的一生被两个男人抛弃,一个是父亲,一个是丈夫,她的诗歌里对这两人有强烈的愤恨和抨击,所以她被女权主义者奉为女性主义运动的先锋,但她自己却不承认自己属于那个群体。普拉斯几次自杀,诗歌里随处可见“死亡”二字,她究竟是一心向死还是向生而死呢?种种矛盾填满了她的生活和诗歌,但是普拉斯诗歌本身的成就是值得肯定的,不应由她传奇的生平来为她的创作增加砝码,也不应把她的诗歌只当做生活的完全写照。本文试图从矛盾的角度来广泛探讨普拉斯的各类诗歌,并运用女性主义理论和事实材料对普诗中最引人关注的女性意识和生死观提出一些新的看法。本文分三章论述普拉斯作品中的各种矛盾及其影响。第一章是普拉斯自我身份的不确定致使她处于游离的状态,这既表现在国籍身份的无归属感,也表现在风格派别及职业选择的左右摇摆。身份的不确定来自于德裔移民在美国的艰难处境和背井离乡的异国学界、异国婚姻,风格的变化是早期传统文学教育和后期以罗威尔为代表的自白诗两种力量的相互影响,而职业选择的左右则是两种意识冲突、碰撞的结果,一为男权中心思想对女性观念的毒害和统治,二是一批先知先觉的知识分子认识到女性若想独立,就一定要在经济上首先独立,即参与到社会工作中来,有自己的一份事业。第二章以事实材料为佐证、以女性主义为理论为基础探讨普诗中纠结的爱恨之情,主要表现在她与父亲、母亲和丈夫的复杂关系。普拉斯的父亲是德国人,他成了肆意掠夺的法西斯代表,但他又是一位学者,令普拉斯崇敬不已。而她的母亲因为希望女儿弥补自己的不足促使两者的关系变得很微妙。丈夫的背叛自然是普拉斯最大的心灵伤害,因为相爱的炽烈使得这种背叛无法容忍,愤恨由此而生。第三章深入探析普拉斯作品中生与死的矛盾抉择,尽管黑暗与死亡一直缠绕于她的诗行间,但也不乏大量充满慈爱和怜惜的创作。从许多诗作中我们不难看到一个对一花一草都相当重视的博爱者,一个心思敏感、细腻的善良女性,一位将全身心投注于孩子的母亲,由此可见普拉斯并非一心向死,她只是在两种状态之间徘徊挣扎,在她的生命里,死是一种体验,另一种生存。最后得出本文的结论。我们不能将普拉斯单一的归为某一类,她是一位在特殊环境下成长起来的作家,生活和思想的煎熬形成了她诗歌的矛盾特点,最终她在生活和诗歌世界都无法解除这种矛盾,所以自己结束了自己的生命。
[Abstract]:American poet Sylvia Plath is a famous representative of confessional school, her legendary life has caused a lot of controversy. Plath is of German descent, born in the United States, studied in Britain, and has many identities. Her life was abandoned by two men, one a father, the other a husband, and she was so angry and attacked in her poems that she was regarded by feminists as a pioneer in the feminist movement. But she herself refused to admit that she belonged to that group. Plath had committed suicide several times, and the word "death" was everywhere in her poetry. Was she dying with her heart or life? Her life and poetry were filled with contradictions, but Plath's own achievements were worthy of recognition, and her legendary life should not be used to add weight to her creation, nor should her poetry be regarded as a complete portrayal of life. This paper attempts to probe into Plath's poems from the angle of contradiction, and puts forward some new views on the female consciousness and the view of life and death, which attract most attention in popular poetry, using feminist theory and factual materials. This article is divided into three chapters to discuss various contradictions and their influences in Plath's works. The first chapter is that the uncertainty of Plath's self-identity causes her to be in a free state, which is not only reflected in the sense of belonging of nationality identity, but also in the swing of style, faction and career choice. The uncertainty of identity comes from the difficult situation of Yu De immigrants in the United States and the foreign academic circles who have left their homes. The change of foreign marriage and style is the mutual influence of the early traditional literature education and the later confessional poetry represented by Lowell. On the other hand, the choice of occupation is the result of the conflict of two kinds of consciousness, one is the poison and rule of the central idea of male power to the female idea, the other is that a group of prescient intellectuals realize that if women want to be independent, We must be financially independent, that is, to participate in social work and have a career of our own. The second chapter is based on the evidence of facts and the theory of feminism to discuss the complex relationship between her and her father, mother and husband. Plath's father was a German, he became a fascist representative of wanton plunder, but he was a scholar who was admired by Plath. Her mother wanted her daughter to make up for her inadequacies and the relationship became delicate. The husband's betrayal was of course the greatest hurt of Plath's soul, for the ferocity of love made it intolerable, and resentment arose. The third chapter deeply analyzes the contradictory choice between life and death in Plath's works. Although darkness and death have been entangled in her poems, there are also a lot of works full of love and pity. It is not difficult to see in many poems a philanthropist who attaches great importance to each flower and a grass, a kind woman with a sensitive and delicate mind, a mother who puts all her heart and soul into her children, so that Plath is not bent on dying. She just lingered between the two states, and in her life death was an experience and a survival. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is drawn. We cannot categorize Plath into a single category. She is a writer who grew up in a special environment. The suffering of life and thought formed the contradictory characteristics of her poetry, and in the end she could not resolve the contradiction in the world of life and poetry. So I ended my life.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.072

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