对真实的追寻—对拜厄特《传记家的故事》中后现代不可知论的新解读

发布时间：2018-06-23 00:10

本文选题：拜厄特 + 《传记家的故事》　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：A. S.拜厄特是当今文坛享有盛誉的英国小说家，在她的作品中现实与历史、真实与虚构、叙述与批评等常常被置于同一文本之下，形成强烈对比。在《传记家的故事》一书中，拜厄特通过描写小说主人公在追寻传记人物历史真相的过程中所经历的怀疑与困惑、追求与蜕变，创新性的从本体论和认知论的角度探索历史真相的可知性，体现了传记创作过程中真实与虚构、自传与传记之间的复杂关系，因此这本小说也被称为“传记编撰元小说”。本论文试图从小说主人公在传记创作过程中的不同阶段表现着手，分析隐藏在改变之后的深刻含义。在上世纪70年代，关于历史真相是否可知的讨论变得尤为激烈。在后现代主义文化视角之下，历史的文本性和非真实性被不断强调，历史成了远离真实、庇护虚假的场所。拜厄特作为一名“有自觉意识的现实主义者”，一方面她接受后现代主义历史观关于历史文本性的叙述，认为历史真实是无法获得的；另一方面，她不愿放弃对隐藏在文字之后的那层真实的执着追求，并且尝试建立语言与事物之间的一种秩序，即语言可以指涉事物。她的这种观点体现于《传记家的故事》小说主人公在编撰历史人物传记过程中三次转变之中：从对探索传记人物真相的狂热，到除却虚构一无所获后的幻想破灭，再到投身自然与现实社会中获得的转变顿悟。对于真实可知性的讨论可以追溯到柏拉图时期，本论文提及柏拉图理念论，一方面承认一切事物至善至美的理念部分的无法企及，更重要的是为了指出，对真相的追求源自于人类天性。通过对真相的追寻来摆脱个人的渺小感和局限感、寻找个人身份，都促成了人类在理想化的历史之中寻求安全感和人生答案。尽管对历史人物、历史真相的追求常常以失败告终，，但是对于真实的追求却是一种永恒可贵的尝试。本论文尝试从相对创新的角度解读拜厄特《传记家的故事》一书，希望能对该作品的研究带来一些新的思考和关注。
[Abstract]:A. S. Byatt is a famous British novelist in the literary world. In her works, reality and history, truth and fiction, narration and criticism are often placed under the same text, forming a strong contrast. In the Biographer's Story, Byatt pursues and changes by describing the doubts and puzzles experienced by the protagonist in his quest for the historical truth of the biographer. The innovative exploration of historical truth from the perspective of ontology and cognition reflects the complex relationship between truth and fiction, autobiography and biography in the process of biographical creation, so this novel is also called "biographical compilation meta-novel". This thesis attempts to analyze the profound meaning of the change in the different stages of biographical creation of the protagonist in the novel. In the 1970 s, the debate about whether the historical truth was knowable became particularly heated. From the perspective of postmodernism culture, the textuality and non-authenticity of history are constantly emphasized, and history has become a place far away from reality and sheltering falsehood. As a "self-conscious realist", Byatt, on the one hand, accepts the historical textual narration of the postmodernist view of history, and holds that historical reality is impossible to obtain, on the other hand, She does not want to give up the persistent pursuit of the real hidden behind words and try to establish an order between language and things that language can refer to things. Her view is embodied in three shifts in the process of compiling biographies of historical characters: from fanaticism about exploring the truth of biographers to disillusionment after nothing has been achieved by fiction. And then into the transformation of nature and the reality of society to gain epiphany. The discussion of truthfulness can be traced back to Plato's time. This paper refers to Plato's theory of philosophy. On the one hand, it admits that all things are beyond the reach of the ideal of the supreme good to the United States, and more importantly, in order to point out, The pursuit of truth stems from human nature. Through the pursuit of truth to get rid of the sense of personal insignificance and limitation, to find personal identity, all of the human beings in the idealized history of seeking security and the answer to life. Although the pursuit of historical truth often ends in failure, the pursuit of truth is an eternal and valuable attempt. This paper attempts to interpret Beyatt's Biographer's Story from a relatively innovative point of view, hoping to bring some new thoughts and concerns to the study of this work.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074

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