“肯定性的联系”：《渡河》中家庭关系的隐喻

发布时间：2018-06-27 11:36

本文选题：卡里尔 + 菲利普斯　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：卡里尔菲利普斯出生在加勒比海地区，在英国接受教育，是英国最有才华的作家之一。作为一位“世界公民”，菲利普斯一直以来都非常关注流散族群及其生存状况。他的作品关注传统历史学所排斥的人物，重现了西方社会刻意掩盖的历史，揭露了黑人与黑人、黑人与白人、白人与白人间错综复杂的关系。对无根的状态、模糊的归属感、生命的流散的探讨构成了菲利普斯小说的主要特点。《渡河》是卡里尔菲利普斯的第五部小说，发表于1993年。该作品有着宏大的地理和历史叙事，是一部流散的史诗。在小说中，菲利普斯详细描述了困扰流散族群的复杂的家庭关系。本论文试图分析书中的父母—子女关系、婚姻关系，以及新型家庭关系的意义，说明菲利普斯如何揭示黑人被奴役的历史、表现流散族群流离失所的状况。通过探讨人类，特别是黑人所遭受的苦难，卡里尔菲利普斯提出，应该用更开明、更兼容的眼光来处理人类关系，摒弃盲目的极端主义。本篇文章包括三个部分：引言、正文、结论。引言部分引入话题、提出问题。菲利普斯的个人经验使他更深刻的理解流散族群无根的状态。他作品中对主人公家庭关系的描述对于探索流散族群身份、归属感等问题有深刻意义。而已有的文学研究对于书中的家庭关系的关注还不够。正文从三个方面讨论家庭关系：父母—子女关系、婚姻关系、新型家庭关系。第一章分析非洲父亲与子女们的关系、白人奴隶贩子与他父亲的关系、围绕非洲后裔的父母—子女关系。爱与背叛交织、悔恨与悲痛结合，是非洲父子关系的主要特点。这一关系揭示了非洲故土在奴隶贩卖和黑人流散中的复杂作用：它既是连结流散者的精神纽带，又是肮脏的奴隶贩卖的帮凶。白人奴隶贩子和他父亲的关系表现了奴隶贩卖运动对殖民者的影响。所有奴隶贩卖的参与者都忍受着家庭破碎的痛苦。破碎的家庭关系在不同的阶段有不同的表现方式。奴隶贸易和殖民主义导致以血缘关系为基础的家庭关系破裂，流散族群从此处于一种无根的状态中。第二章着眼于三位主人公的婚姻关系。纳什的婚姻状况反映了他在不同文化中的挣扎以及他由虔诚的信徒变成异教徒的“堕落”过程。玛莎幸福家庭美梦的破灭表明，在这片被种植园奴隶制束缚的土地上，流散族群无法获得归属感。白人妇女乔伊丝被她的丈夫折磨，她的第二次婚姻也随着特拉维斯的死亡而破裂。因此，在这片充满利用、歧视和冷漠的土地上，建立在契约精神上的婚姻关系也无法让流散族群逃脱流离失所的命运。第三章讨论了新型家庭模式的意义。菲利普斯希望在《渡河》中建立一种“肯定的联系”。建立在血缘基础和契约精神上的家庭关系的失败促使流散族群探索新的联系。混血儿格里尔是白人与黑人爱的结晶，他的出现以及自我寻找之路象征着一种混杂的家庭关系；而文中“多种族大合唱”则代表着一个消除了歧视、平等、和谐的家庭模式。作者通过这种建立在平等、尊重基础上的新型关系对流散族群身份以及人类关系进行了探索。结论部分总结全文。通过对书中父母—子女关系、婚姻关系、新型家庭模式的分析，本论文揭示了作家对流散族群的关注。此外，，小说中对流散身份的探索对我们面对全球化的挑战有着积极意义。
[Abstract]:Phillips, born in the Caribbean region, was educated in the Caribbean, one of Britain's most talented writers. As a "citizen of the world", Phillips has been paying much attention to the Diaspora and its living conditions. His works are focused on the characters excluded from the traditional history, reappearing the deliberate concealment of western society. History reveals the complex relationship between black and black, black and white, white and white. The main features of Phillips's novel are the state of no root, the sense of fuzzy belonging, and the discussion of the diaspora of life.
"Crossing the river" is the fifth novel of Phillips, Lille, which was published in 1993. It has a great geographical and historical narrative and is a disparate epic. In the novel, Phillips describes the complex family relationships that plagued the diaspora. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between parents and children, marriage, and new types of books in the book. The meaning of family relations shows how Phillips reveals the history of black enslavement and shows the displacements of the diaspora. By discussing the suffering of human beings, especially the blacks, the Lille Phillips proposed that the human relationship should be put in a more enlightened and more compatible view, and the blind extremism should be abandoned.
This article includes three parts: introduction, text, conclusion. The introduction introduces topics and raises questions. Phillips's personal experience makes him more profound understanding of the state of the diaspora. The description of the family relationship in his works is of profound significance to the exploration of the identity of the diaspora, the sense of belonging and so on. The concern for family relations in the book is not enough.
The text discusses family relations from three aspects: parent child relationship, marriage relationship, new family relationship. Chapter 1 analyzes the relationship between African fathers and children, the relationship between the white slave traders and his father, the relationship of parents and children around African descendants, love and betrayal, and the combination of regret and grief, the main relationship between African fathers and sons. Characteristics. This relationship reveals the complex role of the African native land in slave trafficking and black exile: it is both the spiritual bond of the Diaspora and the dirty slave trafficking. The relationship between the white slave trader and his father shows the influence of the slave trafficking on the colonists. All the slave traffickers endured it. The broken family pain. The broken family relationship has different forms of expression at different stages. The slave trade and colonialism have led to the breakdown of the family relationship based on the blood relationship, and the diaspora group is from henceforth in a state of no root.
The second chapter focuses on the marriage relationship between the three protagonists. Nash's marital status reflects his struggle in different cultures and the "depravity" of his devout believer into a pagan. The disillusionment of Martha's happy family dream shows that in the land bound by the plantation slavery, the diaspora cannot get a sense of belonging. The human woman, Joyce, was tortured by her husband, and her second marriage broke up with Travis's death. Therefore, in this land of use, discrimination and indifference, the marital relationship based on the spirit of the contract could not let the dissent escape the displaced.
The third chapter discusses the significance of the new family model. Phillips hopes to establish a "affirmative link" in the river crossing. The failure of family relations based on the blood basis and the spirit of contract encourages the diaspora to explore new connections. The mixed blood Greer is the crystallization of white and black love, his appearance and the way of self search. It symbolizes a mixed family relationship, and the "multiracial chorus" in the text represents a family pattern that eliminates discrimination, equality and harmony. Through this new relationship based on equality and respect, the author explores the identity of the convective groups and the relationship of human beings.
The conclusion of this paper is a summary of the full text. Through the analysis of the relationship between parents and children, marriage relations and the new family model, this paper reveals the concern of the writer's convective community. In addition, the exploration of the diaspora in the novel has a positive significance to the challenge of Globalization.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074

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