福克纳作品中的死亡主题
发布时间：2018-08-05 10:25
【摘要】：福克纳是一位伟大、丰富且极具深度的作家。他以敏锐的视角审视着身处深刻历史变迁中的南方现实，刻画西方“现代人”的困惑与苦恼，探索处在纷繁社会中的人们的矛盾心灵，以及他对南方的种种追忆、质疑、忧思、期冀和作为人类自身不可回避的悲剧。他的作品既有现实主义具象的逼真性，也不缺乏现代主义的想象力，穿透力与悲观主义，甚至还保留有西方19世纪浪漫主义文学中对英雄人物与理想形象的崇拜之情。福克纳作品的主题涉及到的领域极为宽广，包括种族、宗教、女性等等。在福克纳作品的众多主题中，他对死亡的思考和书写占据了很大的篇幅，也是值得我们研究和思考。 死亡与爱情是文学作品中永久而古老的情结，因为对死亡的恐惧及对异性的渴望是人类最原始最基本的心灵体验。所以死亡情结也就成了生命哲学的首要主题。在文学史上，伟大的作家常常会书写死亡，在生与死的对立和选择中，通过人物走向死亡的过程以及面对死亡的种种思考来反观人对生命的热爱和生命的深度。福克纳不仅是对情爱有特殊敏感的作家，也是对死亡、存在、时间一直投以热切关注和表现的作家。他的作品中有大量关于死亡的描写，如《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的自杀，《我弥留之际》艾迪放弃生的希望任由病情发展而早逝，《八月之光》中海托华的妻子跳楼而死，等等。在福克纳对死亡的书写中，有一些是遵从正常生理规律的死亡，另有一些则是奇特古怪令人深思的非正常死亡事件，如意外、谋杀、自杀等。在各种死亡现象的背后，是福克纳对人类最深层次恐惧的展现，也是对死与生的意义的反思。福克纳在创作中书写死亡，不仅仅是为完成人物个体生命的轨迹，更深刻地是要抵达各个家族的兴衰灭亡，进而表现美国南方古老而有诗意的文化的消失。在沉重的历史宿命中，每个人都逃脱不了时代的变化所带来的改变。即使想“向后看”，但是最终也还是需要面对现实给人们带来的变化。那些与命运抗争的人们，都以自己特有的方式，唱出了南方败落的挽歌。 福克纳为我们呈现了一场美国南方文化死亡的盛宴，这里面有哭、有笑、有爱、有恨。福克纳不是单纯地描写死亡，这里既有肉体的消亡，，更有精神的毁灭，还包括着在复杂的历史阶段中一个文化的死亡。 本论文拟从一下几方面来浅谈福克纳作品中的死亡主题。 本论文第一章是探讨福克纳作品中死亡的意义。在这部分有个层面，第一层是死亡的意义是作品中的人物对现实的抗争，在部分主要分析《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的死亡。第二层死亡的意义是生命的受难，这部分主要分析《在我弥留之际》中艾迪的死亡。第三层死亡的意义是死亡带来的毁灭，这部分主要分析《圣殿》中“金鱼眼”的死亡。第四层是死亡所带来的对自我身份的确认，这部分主要分析《八月之光》中克里斯莫斯的死亡。第五层是将死亡归纳为一面多棱镜，它折射出了美国南方的文化现象、社会背景等等。 本论文的第二章，是将福克纳对死亡的书写与他的时间观联系起来，福克纳的时间观是从现在先后看，包含了对过去的眷念。而死亡对于福克纳的时间观而言你仅仅是代表了一种生命状态，同时他也深化了福克纳“向后看”的时间观。在这部分当中，首先介绍柏格森的时间哲学，福克纳的时间观受柏格森的时间观念影响巨大。在第二部分阐释死亡与时间的关系。第三部分分析死亡与福克纳的时间观。 本论文的第三部分时从福克纳的历史观这个角度入手分析福克纳作品中的而死亡主题。福克纳的历史观是辩证的，他实际上是在提醒南方人在崇尚过去荣耀的同时还要注重面向未来、现在，在尊重历史的同时又不被历史所限制。所以，福克纳通过对个体生命死亡的书写，正是在暗示美国南方传统文化的日益凋敝，给人以警示。 结语部分对此前各章所涉及的问题进行了概括、总结，对一些重要的观点进行了强调。
[Abstract]:Faulkner is a great, rich and profound writer. He examines the southern reality in profound historical changes with a sharp perspective, portrays the puzzles and anguish of "modern people" in the west, explores the paradox of the people in the complex society, and his memories of the south, questioning, worrying, hoping and being human self. His works are unavoidable tragedies. His works have realistic realism, no lack of modernist imagination, penetration and pessimism, and even the admiration of heroes and ideal images in the romantic literature of the West in the nineteenth Century. The subject of Faulkner's works involves a wide range of fields, including species. Among the themes of Faulkner's works, his thinking and writing about death occupy a large space, which is also worth studying and thinking about.
Death and love are the permanent and ancient complex of literary works, because the fear of death and the desire for the opposite are the most primitive and basic spiritual experience of human beings. So the death complex has become the primary theme of life philosophy. In the history of literature, the great writers often write death, in the opposition and choice of life and death, and in the choice of life and death. Faulkner is not only a writer who is particularly sensitive to love, but also a writer of death, existence, and time that has been devoted and expressive to death. There are a lot of descriptions of death, such as the noise and the fury. The suicide of Quentin, < me as I lay dying, > Addie's hope of giving up his life is to die early. < August > CNOOC's wife's death, and so on. In Faulkner's writing of death, some are dead in compliance with normal physiological laws, and others are strange and thought-provoking deaths. On the back of all kinds of death, Faulkner shows the deepest fear of mankind, and is also a reflection on the meaning of death and life. Faulkner writes death in his writing, not only to complete the individual life of the characters, but also to reach the rise and fall of the families, and then to show the ancient American South. The old and poetic culture disappears. In the heavy historical destiny, everyone can't escape the changes brought about by the changes of the times. Even if you want to "look back", they still need to face the change that the reality brings to the people. Those who fight against the fate are singing the South defeat Elegy in their own way.
Faulkner gave us a feast for the death of southern American culture. There were crying, laughter, love, and hatred. Faulkner did not simply describe death, there was the death of the body, the destruction of the spirit, and a literary death in the complex historical stage.
This thesis intends to talk about the theme of death in Faulkner's works from several aspects.
The first chapter of this thesis is to discuss the meaning of death in Faulkner's works. In this part, the first layer is that the meaning of death is the resistance of the characters to the reality in the work. In part, it analyzes the death of Quentin in the noise and the riot. The meaning of the second layer of death is the difficulty of life. The death of Addie. The meaning of the third layer of death is the destruction brought by death. This part mainly analyzes the death of the "golden fish eye" in the temple. The fourth layer is the confirmation of the self identity brought by death. This part mainly analyzes the death of Chris and Moss in the light of August. The fifth layer is the induction of death as a prism, which refracts The cultural phenomenon, social background, and so on in the south of the United States.
The second chapter of this thesis is to link Faulkner's writing of death with his view of time. Faulkner's view of time is from now on, including the memory of the past. And death is only a state of life for Faulkner's view of time, and he also deepens Faulkner's view of "looking back". In this part, we first introduce Bergson's philosophy of time. Faulkner's view of time is greatly influenced by Bergson's time concept. In the second part, the relationship between death and time is explained. The third part analyses the time view of death and Faulkner.
The third part of this thesis analyzes the theme of death in Faulkner's works from the point of view of Faulkner's history. Faulkner's view of history is dialectical. In fact, he is reminding the southerners to pay attention to the future while advocating the glory of the past, and now, while respecting the history, it is not restricted by history. Faulkner's writing on the death of individual life is a reminder that the traditional culture in the south of the United States is increasingly languished.
The conclusion summarizes the problems involved in the previous chapters and highlights some important points.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2165511
[Abstract]:Faulkner is a great, rich and profound writer. He examines the southern reality in profound historical changes with a sharp perspective, portrays the puzzles and anguish of "modern people" in the west, explores the paradox of the people in the complex society, and his memories of the south, questioning, worrying, hoping and being human self. His works are unavoidable tragedies. His works have realistic realism, no lack of modernist imagination, penetration and pessimism, and even the admiration of heroes and ideal images in the romantic literature of the West in the nineteenth Century. The subject of Faulkner's works involves a wide range of fields, including species. Among the themes of Faulkner's works, his thinking and writing about death occupy a large space, which is also worth studying and thinking about.
Death and love are the permanent and ancient complex of literary works, because the fear of death and the desire for the opposite are the most primitive and basic spiritual experience of human beings. So the death complex has become the primary theme of life philosophy. In the history of literature, the great writers often write death, in the opposition and choice of life and death, and in the choice of life and death. Faulkner is not only a writer who is particularly sensitive to love, but also a writer of death, existence, and time that has been devoted and expressive to death. There are a lot of descriptions of death, such as the noise and the fury. The suicide of Quentin, < me as I lay dying, > Addie's hope of giving up his life is to die early. < August > CNOOC's wife's death, and so on. In Faulkner's writing of death, some are dead in compliance with normal physiological laws, and others are strange and thought-provoking deaths. On the back of all kinds of death, Faulkner shows the deepest fear of mankind, and is also a reflection on the meaning of death and life. Faulkner writes death in his writing, not only to complete the individual life of the characters, but also to reach the rise and fall of the families, and then to show the ancient American South. The old and poetic culture disappears. In the heavy historical destiny, everyone can't escape the changes brought about by the changes of the times. Even if you want to "look back", they still need to face the change that the reality brings to the people. Those who fight against the fate are singing the South defeat Elegy in their own way.
Faulkner gave us a feast for the death of southern American culture. There were crying, laughter, love, and hatred. Faulkner did not simply describe death, there was the death of the body, the destruction of the spirit, and a literary death in the complex historical stage.
This thesis intends to talk about the theme of death in Faulkner's works from several aspects.
The first chapter of this thesis is to discuss the meaning of death in Faulkner's works. In this part, the first layer is that the meaning of death is the resistance of the characters to the reality in the work. In part, it analyzes the death of Quentin in the noise and the riot. The meaning of the second layer of death is the difficulty of life. The death of Addie. The meaning of the third layer of death is the destruction brought by death. This part mainly analyzes the death of the "golden fish eye" in the temple. The fourth layer is the confirmation of the self identity brought by death. This part mainly analyzes the death of Chris and Moss in the light of August. The fifth layer is the induction of death as a prism, which refracts The cultural phenomenon, social background, and so on in the south of the United States.
The second chapter of this thesis is to link Faulkner's writing of death with his view of time. Faulkner's view of time is from now on, including the memory of the past. And death is only a state of life for Faulkner's view of time, and he also deepens Faulkner's view of "looking back". In this part, we first introduce Bergson's philosophy of time. Faulkner's view of time is greatly influenced by Bergson's time concept. In the second part, the relationship between death and time is explained. The third part analyses the time view of death and Faulkner.
The third part of this thesis analyzes the theme of death in Faulkner's works from the point of view of Faulkner's history. Faulkner's view of history is dialectical. In fact, he is reminding the southerners to pay attention to the future while advocating the glory of the past, and now, while respecting the history, it is not restricted by history. Faulkner's writing on the death of individual life is a reminder that the traditional culture in the south of the United States is increasingly languished.
The conclusion summarizes the problems involved in the previous chapters and highlights some important points.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 任翔;爱伦·坡的诗歌:书写与死亡的生命沉思[J];外国文学研究;2004年02期
本文编号：2165511
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