身体创伤记忆与身份丢失：海明威一战小说中的身体叙述
发布时间：2018-08-05 11:12
【摘要】：海明威的一战小说主要有两部,即《太阳照常升起》和《永别了,武器》。其所塑造的人物被称作迷惘的一代。许多评论家都注意到了他们在战争中所遭受的身心创伤,并认为他们所表现出来的迷惘、虚无是现代社会精神荒原的一个表征,但却没有进一步探讨这代人的创伤表现和精神虚无的内在原因。本文试图从身体叙述的角度去探讨这一问题。文本中的身体并非是对生理身体的直接描摹,而是作家通过叙述或修辞实现生理身体去自然化从而传递自身对社会思考的修辞策略,其承载了丰富的社会文化属性,是具有时代意义的文化符号。实际上,他们在战争中形成的身体创伤记忆侵袭了他们现在的生活,使其丧失了身份,从而产生了精神抑郁,这是他们迷惘、虚无的根本原因。 本文的导论部分提出了文章的主旨和分析方法,指出迷惘一代的身体创伤记忆是他们迷惘虚无的根本原因。本部分还简要地介绍了评论家们对海明威一战小说的评论。他们的观点主要可以归结为三条主线：其一,认为海明威的一战小说是其自身经历的映射；其二认为这是海明威对如何在混乱环境中生存的探索；其三,认为这是海明威对美国社会的变向攻击。然而这些评论都没有考虑到海明威利用身体叙述来表达其观点的叙述手法,这就给本文的论述留下了余地。 第一章考察了身体创伤记忆所造成的男性身份丧失。小说中的大部分男性都受到了生理上或心理上的伤害,这些伤害所构成的创伤记忆使他们丧失了意志力、社会控制力以及男性的生理身体特征。 第二章考察了身体伤记忆及其所造成的女性身份丧失。小说中的主要女性都对其丈夫或或关系亲近的男性的身体创伤有着深刻记忆,这些记忆促使他们去追寻带有男性特征的社会控制力,并使其丧失了生殖能力及女性生理身体特征。 第三章考察了身体创伤记忆及其所造成的大众文化身份的丧失。人们在战争中所遇到的伤害致使他们对传统文化中的荣誉、英雄等观念产生了怀疑,并将人与人之间的关系归纳为简单的“交换原则”,同时,他们也对传统的基督教失去了信仰。 在结论部分,本文将文本中的身份丢失放到现代文明和现代主义的大环境中,得出了海明威对现代文明持否定态度的文化政治立场。同时,海明威一战小说中人物面对身份丧失所表现出来的精神抑郁也是现代主义的特点之一
[Abstract]:Hemingway's World War I novels consist of two main novels, the Sun rising as usual, and Farewell to Arms. The characters it portrays are called the lost generation. Many critics have taken note of the psychological and physical trauma they suffered during the war and considered their confusion and nothingness to be a sign of the spiritual wasteland of modern society, However, there is no further study of the generation's traumatic performance and the inner causes of spiritual nothingness. This paper attempts to explore this problem from the perspective of body narration. The body in the text is not a direct description of the physical body, but the rhetorical strategy of denaturalization of the physical body through narration or rhetoric, which carries rich social and cultural attributes. It is a cultural symbol with the significance of the times. In fact, the physical traumatic memories they formed in the war have invaded their present lives, deprived them of their identity, and resulted in mental depression, which is the root cause of their confusion and nothingness. In the introduction part, the author points out that the physical traumatic memory of the lost generation is the fundamental cause of their lost nothingness. This part also briefly introduces the critics' comments on Hemingway's World War I novels. Their views can be summed up in three main lines: first, they think that Hemingway's World War I novel is a reflection of his own experience; the other is Hemingway's exploration of how to survive in a chaotic environment; and third, Think this is Hemingway's change of direction attack on American society. However, these comments do not take into account Hemingway's narrative technique of using body narration to express his views, which leaves room for this thesis. The first chapter examines the loss of male identity caused by physical traumatic memory. Most of the men in the novel are physically or psychologically injured, and the traumatic memories of these injuries make them lose their willpower, social control and male physical characteristics. The second chapter examines the memory of body injury and the loss of female identity caused by it. The main women in the novel all have deep memories of the physical trauma of their husbands or close men, and these memories urge them to pursue social control with masculine characteristics. And make it lose reproductive ability and female physiological physical characteristics. The third chapter examines the memory of physical trauma and the loss of mass cultural identity. The harm people encounter in the war has led them to doubt the concepts of honor and hero in traditional culture, and to sum up the relationship between people as a simple "principle of exchange", and at the same time, They also lost faith in traditional Christianity. In the conclusion part, this paper puts the identity loss in the modern civilization and modernism environment, and draws the cultural and political standpoint of Hemingway's negative attitude towards modern civilization. At the same time, the mental depression of the characters in Hemingway's World War I novels is also one of the characteristics of modernism.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2165615
[Abstract]:Hemingway's World War I novels consist of two main novels, the Sun rising as usual, and Farewell to Arms. The characters it portrays are called the lost generation. Many critics have taken note of the psychological and physical trauma they suffered during the war and considered their confusion and nothingness to be a sign of the spiritual wasteland of modern society, However, there is no further study of the generation's traumatic performance and the inner causes of spiritual nothingness. This paper attempts to explore this problem from the perspective of body narration. The body in the text is not a direct description of the physical body, but the rhetorical strategy of denaturalization of the physical body through narration or rhetoric, which carries rich social and cultural attributes. It is a cultural symbol with the significance of the times. In fact, the physical traumatic memories they formed in the war have invaded their present lives, deprived them of their identity, and resulted in mental depression, which is the root cause of their confusion and nothingness. In the introduction part, the author points out that the physical traumatic memory of the lost generation is the fundamental cause of their lost nothingness. This part also briefly introduces the critics' comments on Hemingway's World War I novels. Their views can be summed up in three main lines: first, they think that Hemingway's World War I novel is a reflection of his own experience; the other is Hemingway's exploration of how to survive in a chaotic environment; and third, Think this is Hemingway's change of direction attack on American society. However, these comments do not take into account Hemingway's narrative technique of using body narration to express his views, which leaves room for this thesis. The first chapter examines the loss of male identity caused by physical traumatic memory. Most of the men in the novel are physically or psychologically injured, and the traumatic memories of these injuries make them lose their willpower, social control and male physical characteristics. The second chapter examines the memory of body injury and the loss of female identity caused by it. The main women in the novel all have deep memories of the physical trauma of their husbands or close men, and these memories urge them to pursue social control with masculine characteristics. And make it lose reproductive ability and female physiological physical characteristics. The third chapter examines the memory of physical trauma and the loss of mass cultural identity. The harm people encounter in the war has led them to doubt the concepts of honor and hero in traditional culture, and to sum up the relationship between people as a simple "principle of exchange", and at the same time, They also lost faith in traditional Christianity. In the conclusion part, this paper puts the identity loss in the modern civilization and modernism environment, and draws the cultural and political standpoint of Hemingway's negative attitude towards modern civilization. At the same time, the mental depression of the characters in Hemingway's World War I novels is also one of the characteristics of modernism.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
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