论纳博科夫小说《绝望》主人公赫尔曼对他人控制的形成

发布时间：2018-08-08 16:02

【摘要】：本论文旨在通过对纳博科夫第六部俄文小说《绝望》的深入研究,探寻《绝望》主人公赫尔曼在日常生活和文本叙述这两个看似孤立,实则相联的领域中对他人控制的形成过程和最终失败的原因。基于对赫尔曼作为濒临破产的巧克力制造商和拥有不贞妻子的丈夫这种双重身份的阐释,本文主张赫尔曼对他人极端甚至近乎疯狂的控制欲望来源于他内心同时存在的极度自恋和自我憎恨情绪,并最终导致了他对替身菲利克斯无情的“投射”。纳博科夫批评界普遍认为,小说《绝望》中不夹杂任何社会信息。此观点也将在本文中被系统解构。根本上,赫尔曼是不折不扣的发达工业社会产物,被工具理性吞噬,丧失了自我个性和价值,集中表现在他以“量”取代“质”,注重“效率”而非“努力”,通过操控他人需求达到控制他人的目的,以及他对替身菲利克斯泯灭人性的杀害。不仅如此,本论文同样关注了菲利克斯,在丧失了经济、思维自由和个体独立之后,沦为丧失特性的“单维人”的窘境。毋庸置疑,《绝望》所包含的社会信息多于任何一部纳博科夫小说。本论文总共分五章展开。第一章简要介绍《绝望》的写作背景、文学评论以及不同版本间的差异。第二章通过深入探索赫尔曼的内心世界,得出其控制形成的内因。第三章首先讨论了赫尔曼和替身之间荒谬、虚假的同一性,其次揭露了赫尔曼意图建立一个极端同一性的世界,以便更高效地控制他人的妄想。第四章展现了赫尔曼在寻求对他者极端控制的不归征途中注定失败的惨痛结局。作为小说主人公,赫尔曼极尽所能操控他人,但不料想,在控制他人的同时,他也将自己推向了失控的边缘和个体绝望的万劫深渊。而作为叙述者,赫尔曼的失败更加惨痛,他为自己手稿所起的名字---绝望,充分体现了他失败后的心境。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this thesis is to explore Herman's seemingly isolated daily life and text narration in Nabokov's sixth Russian novel despair. The formation process of control over others and the cause of failure in the field associated with reality. Based on the interpretation of Herman's dual identity as a bankrupt chocolate maker and husband with an unfaithful wife, This paper argues that Herman's extreme or even almost crazy desire for control of others originates from his simultaneous extreme narcissism and self-hatred, which ultimately leads to his "projection" to Felix. Nabokov's critics generally believe that there is no social information in the novel despair. This view will also be systematically deconstructed in this article. Basically, Herman was the product of a well-developed industrial society, consumed by instrumental reason, and lost his personality and value. He concentrated on replacing "quality" with "quantity" and focusing on "efficiency" rather than "effort." By manipulating the needs of others to achieve the purpose of control, and he killed the double Felix dehumanized. Not only that, this paper also pays attention to Felix, after losing the economy, freedom of thought and individual independence, it becomes the "one-dimensional" dilemma of losing identity. There is no doubt that despair contains more social information than any Nabokov novel. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the writing background, literary criticism and the differences between different versions of despair. The second chapter explores Herman's inner world and finds out the internal cause of its control. The third chapter first discusses the absurd and false identity between Herman and the double, and then reveals Herman's intention to build a world of extreme identity in order to more efficiently control the delusions of others. Chapter four shows Herman's doomed failure in his quest for extreme control of the other. As the protagonist of the novel, Herman tried his best to manipulate others, but unsurprisingly, he pushed himself to the brink of losing control and the abyss of individual despair. As narrator, Herman's failure is even more painful, his name for his manuscripts-despair, fully reflects his state of mind after his failure.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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