从小说《标塔》看福克纳对现代性的批判及历史感
发布时间：2018-08-21 08:08
【摘要】：福克纳（1897-1962），是二十世纪最伟大的美国作家之一。他是一位多产的作家，他的大部分小说的背景都设在一个虚构的约克纳帕塔法郡（Yoknapatawpha County）中，而他的小说《标塔》的背景却是在新瓦鲁瓦(NewValois)，一个稍微加以虚构的新奥尔良，一个或多或少跟他有着渊源的城市。在这个城市中，传统的社会结构和价值观念已经崩溃，通过对一个报社记者和一群飞机特技表演者的描叙，福克纳把二十世纪三十年代的现代社会描写成一个失去人性，冷漠异化的社会。《标塔》是对现代生活的控诉，对人越来越机械化，越来越失去人性的控诉。 与福克纳的约克纳帕塔法郡系列小说相比,《标塔》似乎没有那么受人推崇,甚至被人忽视。评论界对该小说复杂的文风,乔伊斯式的复杂冗长的句式,人物性格刻画的平淡和情节的缺乏都不乏微词。实际上,所有的这些批评都是因为缺乏对小说深刻的认识。福克纳之所以选择这样的语言和风格，人物刻画及情节，都是为了突出这样一个主题：现代世界是一个异化的世界，，现代人在这样一个异化的世界中，逐渐失去人性，而且越来越机械化，精神越来越空虚。福克纳对现代世界的关注正好从另外一个角度了表现了他的历史感,而同时他的历史感也构建了他的现代性。实际上，这部小说对研究福克纳对现代性的批判态度和他的历史感有着举足轻重的作用。那么福克纳又是如何表现他对现代性的批判态度，该小说又是如何突出他的历史感呢？ 福克纳对现代性的批判突出表现在他对现代社会对人性异化的批判，现代性在给社会带来繁荣和发展的同时，现代文化、现代科技、现代社会提倡的消费方式也成为控制人，抑制人性发展的桎梏。现代社会中，人的异化成为一种不可避免的生存状态，精神空虚成为必然的趋势。而现代社会人性异化掩盖之下的则是历史感亏缺的实质。对于这群飞行员来说，他们与历史割裂,与亲人割裂,与家割裂,他们是现代社会无根的漂泊者。他们剥离了传统的生活习俗、风俗和传统的道德价值观，养育后代，维持家庭、婚姻，甚至对自己爱人的忠心都意味着难以承受的奢侈。然而，舒曼的牺牲，杰克被爷爷奶奶收养及拉温妮重新构建一个新的家庭，所有这些都标志着传统价值观和传统家庭结构的回归与重建。对福克纳而言，尽管他对人类的未来充满了迷茫，但他仍然坚信传统的价值观和美德会让人走出异化的困境，让人性散发出灿烂的光芒。 如果飞机围绕着标塔高速旋转而坠毁的意象象征着现代性神话的破碎,那么“父亲”和“家”的意象则象征着福克纳心目中由过去构建的神话世界,这个神话世界赋予生活以意义,构建着社会的秩序,指引着人类社会的发展。除此之外,标塔的塔尖直通云霄这一意象也象征着一种形而上的追求。人类社会的发展，无论快或慢，始终围绕着对幸福形而上的追求。如果说这部小说是关于福克纳对人类社会和人发展的思索的话,这也许是标塔这一题目更深层面的意义。
[Abstract]:Faulkner (1897-1962), one of the greatest American writers of the twentieth century, was a prolific writer. Most of his novels were set in a fictional Yoknapatawpha County, while his novel The Tower was set in New Valois, a slightly fictional New Orleans. Liang, a city with more or less his roots. In this city, traditional social structures and values have collapsed. By describing a newspaper reporter and a group of aerobatics performers, Faulkner describes the modern society of the 1930s as a dehumanized, indifferent and alienated society. is Accusations against modern life are becoming more and more mechanized and more and more human accusations.
Compared with Faulkner's Yoknapatafa novels, the Beacon seems to be less respected and even neglected. Critics of the novel's complex style, Joyce's complex and lengthy sentences, the plain portrayal of characters and the lack of plot all have their own criticisms. Faulkner chose such language and style, portrayal and plot to highlight such a theme: the modern world is an alienated world, in such a alienated world, modern people gradually lose their humanity, and become more and more mechanized, the spirit of more and more empty. Faulkner's critical attitude towards modernity and his sense of history play an important role in the study of Faulkner's critical attitude towards modernity and his sense of history. How does this novel highlight his sense of history?
Faulkner's criticism of modernity is manifested in his criticism of the alienation of human nature in modern society. While modernity brings prosperity and development to society, modern culture, modern science and technology, and the consumption mode advocated by modern society have also become the shackles to control and inhibit the development of human nature. For these pilots, they are rootless vagrants of modern society. They strip away the traditional customs, customs and traditions of life. Moral values, raising offspring, maintaining a family, marriage, and even loyalty to one's lover mean unbearable luxuries. However, Schumann's sacrifice, Jack's adoption by Grandpa and Grandpa and Ravenny's rebuilding of a new family all mark the return and reconstruction of traditional values and family structure. Although he is full of confusion about the future of mankind, he still firmly believes that traditional values and virtues will help people out of the predicament of alienation and let human nature shine brilliantly.
If the image of the plane spinning around the tower and crashing symbolizes the breakage of the myth of modernity, then the image of "father" and "home" symbolizes the mythical world Faulkner has built in his mind from the past, which gives meaning to life, constructs social order, and guides the development of human society. The development of human society, fast or slow, always revolves around the metaphysical pursuit of happiness. If this novel is about Faulkner's thinking about human society and human development, this may be the deeper meaning of the topic.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2195087
[Abstract]:Faulkner (1897-1962), one of the greatest American writers of the twentieth century, was a prolific writer. Most of his novels were set in a fictional Yoknapatawpha County, while his novel The Tower was set in New Valois, a slightly fictional New Orleans. Liang, a city with more or less his roots. In this city, traditional social structures and values have collapsed. By describing a newspaper reporter and a group of aerobatics performers, Faulkner describes the modern society of the 1930s as a dehumanized, indifferent and alienated society.
Compared with Faulkner's Yoknapatafa novels, the Beacon seems to be less respected and even neglected. Critics of the novel's complex style, Joyce's complex and lengthy sentences, the plain portrayal of characters and the lack of plot all have their own criticisms. Faulkner chose such language and style, portrayal and plot to highlight such a theme: the modern world is an alienated world, in such a alienated world, modern people gradually lose their humanity, and become more and more mechanized, the spirit of more and more empty. Faulkner's critical attitude towards modernity and his sense of history play an important role in the study of Faulkner's critical attitude towards modernity and his sense of history. How does this novel highlight his sense of history?
Faulkner's criticism of modernity is manifested in his criticism of the alienation of human nature in modern society. While modernity brings prosperity and development to society, modern culture, modern science and technology, and the consumption mode advocated by modern society have also become the shackles to control and inhibit the development of human nature. For these pilots, they are rootless vagrants of modern society. They strip away the traditional customs, customs and traditions of life. Moral values, raising offspring, maintaining a family, marriage, and even loyalty to one's lover mean unbearable luxuries. However, Schumann's sacrifice, Jack's adoption by Grandpa and Grandpa and Ravenny's rebuilding of a new family all mark the return and reconstruction of traditional values and family structure. Although he is full of confusion about the future of mankind, he still firmly believes that traditional values and virtues will help people out of the predicament of alienation and let human nature shine brilliantly.
If the image of the plane spinning around the tower and crashing symbolizes the breakage of the myth of modernity, then the image of "father" and "home" symbolizes the mythical world Faulkner has built in his mind from the past, which gives meaning to life, constructs social order, and guides the development of human society. The development of human society, fast or slow, always revolves around the metaphysical pursuit of happiness. If this novel is about Faulkner's thinking about human society and human development, this may be the deeper meaning of the topic.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 刘(岑鸟);斐然;;现代性的“原罪”——试论现代性和人的异化的关系[J];湖南社会科学;2009年06期
2 易晓明;碎片化与整体性——《喧哗与骚动》的历史感之建构[J];外国文学评论;2003年01期
本文编号：2195087
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