论《六月庆典》中父子的集体记忆
发布时间：2018-08-21 20:15
【摘要】：《六月庆典》是拉尔夫·埃里森的最后一部长篇小说。该小说从美国的二十世纪五十年代向前追溯至十九世纪六十年代，探索美国黑人百年来不懈追求平等、民主和自由的奋斗历程。美国白人指责美国黑人没有过去和传统，，埃里森却把美国黑人的历史置于整个美国的历史图景，结合黑人传统、黑人的民间传说和《圣经》文化，证明美国黑人的历史悠长。美国黑人不仅保存奴隶时期的记忆和传统，还以记忆的方式从非洲寻根。因此，《六月庆典》的编者约翰·卡拉汉将它比喻成一部编年体史诗。 本文拟用集体记忆的理论分析《六月庆典》中父子的集体记忆对父子双方的影响，说明在当下保存记忆的必要性，对弥补现代美国人记忆的缺失，化解由记忆不够引发的身份认同危机有一定的参考价值。该小说的父子一方面指具体的父子，即黑人牧师希克曼和他的白皮肤养子布里斯；另一方面也指象征意义上的父子，即希克曼、黑人社区代表的黑人父亲和布里斯代表的白人孩子，以及黑人祖先和希克曼、布里斯共同代表的子辈。 本文探讨小说中父与子之间集体记忆的冲突、沟通和拓展三个方面。第一部分分析希克曼和布里斯的个人记忆，黑人社区的集体记忆和布里斯的个人记忆，以及希克曼代表的黑人集体记忆和布里斯代表的白人集体记忆之间的对立，说明以布里斯为代表的子辈逃避责任和拒绝过去的身份是父子集体记忆产生冲突的直接原因，黑人文化和白人文化的对抗是深层原因。第二部分分析父子双方在黑人社区内养成的习惯性动作，黑人英语的交流方式和仪式的帮助下进行沟通、化解冲突的过程，说明记忆的沟通和记忆的巩固相互促进。父子集体记忆的沟通使记忆从对抗的状态走向常态化，这样既保持记忆的一致性，也利于身份的稳定性。第三部分分析父子之间集体记忆的范围拓展及其内涵的发展，说明父子之间集体记忆的可塑性使过去焕发出新的生命力。父子的集体记忆活动帮助个人获得身份认同和归属感。 本文通过探讨希克曼和布里斯的集体记忆，认为埃里森创作该小说的目的在于保存和传承黑人历史和黑人文化。传承黑人历史和黑人文化对维持美国人的社会身份和文化身份有重要的影响。父子的集体记忆使双方学会从对方的角度感知，审视和理解过去，在此过程中找到文化归属，获得自我认同和个人的价值。
[Abstract]:The Jubilee is Ralph Ellison's last novel. The novel traces from the 1950s to the 1860s and explores the struggle for equality, democracy and freedom of black Americans in the past hundred years. White Americans accuse black Americans of not having a past and tradition, but Ellison puts the history of black Americans in the historical picture of the whole United States, combining black traditions, black folklore and Bible culture, which proves the long history of black Americans. Black Americans not only preserve the memories and traditions of the slave period, but also trace their roots from Africa in the form of memory. So John Callahan, editor of Celebration of June, likened it to an chronicled epic. This paper intends to use the theory of collective memory to analyze the influence of the collective memory of father and son on both father and son in June celebration, to explain the necessity of preserving memory in the present time and to make up for the missing memory of modern Americans. It has certain reference value to resolve the identity crisis caused by insufficient memory. The father and son of the novel, on the one hand, refer to the specific father and son, the black priest Hickman, and his white-skinned son, Briss; on the other hand, they refer to the symbolic father and son, that is, Hickman. Black fathers represented by black communities and white children represented by Briss, as well as the children of black ancestors and Hickman, Briss. This paper discusses the conflict, communication and expansion of collective memory between father and son. The first part analyzes the antagonism between Hickman and Briss' personal memory, black community's collective memory and Briss' personal memory, as well as the black collective memory represented by Hickman and the white collective memory represented by Briss. It is shown that the direct cause of the conflict between the collective memory of father and son is the evasion of responsibility and rejection of the past by the children represented by Briss, and the confrontation between black culture and white culture is the deep reason. The second part analyzes the process of father and son's communication with the help of black English communication methods and rituals, and explains that the communication of memory and the consolidation of memory promote each other. The communication between father and son makes memory change from confrontation to normality, which not only keeps the consistency of memory, but also contributes to the stability of identity. The third part analyzes the extension of the range of collective memory between father and son and the development of its connotation, and explains that the plasticity of collective memory between father and son makes the past radiate new vitality. The collective memory activities of fathers and sons help individuals to gain a sense of identity and belonging. By discussing the collective memory of Hickman and Burris, this paper argues that the purpose of Ellison's novel is to preserve and inherit black history and culture. The inheritance of black history and black culture plays an important role in maintaining American social and cultural identity. The collective memory of father and son makes both sides learn to perceive, examine and understand the past from each other's point of view, in the process of finding cultural ownership, gaining self-identity and individual value.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
[Abstract]:The Jubilee is Ralph Ellison's last novel. The novel traces from the 1950s to the 1860s and explores the struggle for equality, democracy and freedom of black Americans in the past hundred years. White Americans accuse black Americans of not having a past and tradition, but Ellison puts the history of black Americans in the historical picture of the whole United States, combining black traditions, black folklore and Bible culture, which proves the long history of black Americans. Black Americans not only preserve the memories and traditions of the slave period, but also trace their roots from Africa in the form of memory. So John Callahan, editor of Celebration of June, likened it to an chronicled epic. This paper intends to use the theory of collective memory to analyze the influence of the collective memory of father and son on both father and son in June celebration, to explain the necessity of preserving memory in the present time and to make up for the missing memory of modern Americans. It has certain reference value to resolve the identity crisis caused by insufficient memory. The father and son of the novel, on the one hand, refer to the specific father and son, the black priest Hickman, and his white-skinned son, Briss; on the other hand, they refer to the symbolic father and son, that is, Hickman. Black fathers represented by black communities and white children represented by Briss, as well as the children of black ancestors and Hickman, Briss. This paper discusses the conflict, communication and expansion of collective memory between father and son. The first part analyzes the antagonism between Hickman and Briss' personal memory, black community's collective memory and Briss' personal memory, as well as the black collective memory represented by Hickman and the white collective memory represented by Briss. It is shown that the direct cause of the conflict between the collective memory of father and son is the evasion of responsibility and rejection of the past by the children represented by Briss, and the confrontation between black culture and white culture is the deep reason. The second part analyzes the process of father and son's communication with the help of black English communication methods and rituals, and explains that the communication of memory and the consolidation of memory promote each other. The communication between father and son makes memory change from confrontation to normality, which not only keeps the consistency of memory, but also contributes to the stability of identity. The third part analyzes the extension of the range of collective memory between father and son and the development of its connotation, and explains that the plasticity of collective memory between father and son makes the past radiate new vitality. The collective memory activities of fathers and sons help individuals to gain a sense of identity and belonging. By discussing the collective memory of Hickman and Burris, this paper argues that the purpose of Ellison's novel is to preserve and inherit black history and culture. The inheritance of black history and black culture plays an important role in maintaining American social and cultural identity. The collective memory of father and son makes both sides learn to perceive, examine and understand the past from each other's point of view, in the process of finding cultural ownership, gaining self-identity and individual value.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074
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