父权式压迫及其消解：《飘》的生态女性主义解读

发布时间：2018-08-29 12:29

【摘要】：《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔所著的唯一长篇小说。这部小说描述了在美国内战背景下女主人斯佳丽的人生轨迹和心路历程。小说一经出版便受到了美国国内的广泛的关注。此后,这部小说又被翻译成为多种语言,被全世界的读者所喜爱,是世界文学史的经典作品之一。与此同时,各国学者对这本深入人心的通俗小说的评价也是毁誉参半、褒贬不一。本论文以生态女性主义为理论基础,分析小说中的父权式压迫形式及其消解,阐述小说中蕴含的生态女性主义思想。生态女性主义作为女性主义的一个特殊分支,它号召结束一切形式的压迫,反对父权制世界观和二元式思维方式统治下对女性和自然的压迫,批判过度的物质欲望,倡导建立一种和谐的、可持续发展的自然观和人际观。玛格丽特·米切尔在小说中主要描写了四个对南方文化和战争有着不同观点的人物形象。这些主要人物形象在重大历史变迁的洪流中,相互折射出旧时代价值与道德在他们身上打下的烙印。值得注意的是,小说在描写这四个主要人物的同时,对主人公们赖以生存的环境和土地进行了大量的描述,尤其是女主人公斯嘉丽和塔拉庄园之间那种不可分割的纽带和情结。自然和女性的融合在《飘》中几近完美地呈现在了读者面前,同时作品也表达了玛格丽特·米切尔对自然和女性的深切关怀。小说《飘》中所描述的世界并不是男性的狩猎场,它描述了各种身份地位,各种婚姻状态的女性,这使得小说中的场景和地域更接近一个女儿国,女性在故事情节的发展中也起到了主要的推动作用。小说中那些杰出的南方女性,在美国内战之后,毅然回到亚特兰大,在废墟中重建家园,这样才使得南方士兵不至于在战败后流离失所。除了女性之外,塔拉庄园也是小说中不可或缺的一个要素,它代表了自然的一部分,也是女主人公的精神慰藉,无论世事多么艰难,斯嘉丽总是能从其中获取新的力量。在小说中,玛格丽特·米切尔对女性与自然大加赞赏,在女主人公斯嘉丽身上就完美地将女性和自然之美融为一体。本论文通过论述生态女性主义思想及其内涵,分析父权式道德观和价值观对淑女及绅士的压迫及父权式压迫给儿童、动物与土地所带来的侵害,同时阐明作者玛格丽特·米切尔通过女主人公斯嘉丽背离传统就是南方社会秩序的行为方式表达了她反对父权式压迫的生态女性精神。作品中所描述的人们或随波逐流,或茫然不知所措,或苦苦挣扎在道德和欲望边缘,在物欲日益膨胀的今天亦很常见。因此,对《飘》的重新解读具有反思和警示的意义。
[Abstract]:Gone with the Wind is the only novel by Margaret Mitchell, an American woman writer. This novel describes the life track and mental course of hostess Scarlett in the context of the American Civil War. Once published, the novel has received widespread attention in the United States. Since then, the novel has been translated into many languages and loved by readers all over the world. It is one of the classic works in the history of world literature. At the same time, scholars from all over the world have mixed opinions on this popular novel. Based on the theory of ecological feminism, this paper analyzes the form of patriarchal oppression and its elimination in the novel, and expounds the thought of ecological feminism contained in the novel. As a special branch of feminism, eco-feminism calls for ending all forms of oppression, opposing the oppression of women and nature under the patriarchal worldview and dualistic mode of thinking, and criticizing excessive material desires. Advocate the establishment of a harmonious, sustainable development of the natural and interpersonal view. Margaret Mitchell describes four characters with different views on southern culture and war. In the torrent of great historical changes, these main characters reflect each other the value of the old times and the imprint of morality on them. It is worth noting that while describing the four main characters, the novel describes a great deal of the environment and land on which the protagonists live, especially the inseparable ties and complex between Scarlett and Tara Manor. The fusion of nature and women is almost perfectly presented to readers in gone with the Wind, and it also expresses Margaret Mitchell's deep concern for nature and women. The world described in the novel "gone with the Wind" is not a hunting ground for men. It describes women of all kinds of status and marital status, which brings the scene and region of the novel closer to a daughter's country. Women also play a major role in the development of storylines. The outstanding southern women in the novel, after the American Civil War, returned to Atlanta to rebuild their homes in ruins so that the Confederate soldiers would not be displaced after their defeat. In addition to women, Tara Manor is also an indispensable element of the novel. It represents a part of nature and a spiritual consolation for the heroine, from which Scarlett can always gain new strength, no matter how difficult the world may be. In the novel, Margaret Mitchell admires women and nature, and the heroine Scarlett perfectly blends the beauty of women and nature. By discussing the thought and connotation of ecological feminism, this paper analyzes the oppression of patriarchal morality and values on ladies and gentlemen and the encroachment of patriarchal oppression on children, animals and land. At the same time, the author Margaret Mitchell expresses her ecological female spirit, which opposes patriarchal oppression, through the heroine Scarlett's departure from the tradition of social order in the South. The people described in the works are either at random, at a loss, or struggling on the edge of morality and desire, and they are also common today when the material desire is expanding day by day. Therefore, the reinterpretation of gone with the Wind has the significance of reflection and warning.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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